End-to-End QoS Specification and Monitoring in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new computing paradigm in which uniquely addressable objects such as Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, sensors, actuators, and mobile phones, become part of the Internet environment, and cooperate with each other in order along with other resources to achieve common goals [1][4]. This paradigm opens the doors to new innovations that will build novel type of interactions among things and humans, and enables the realization of smart cities, infrastructures, and services for enhancing the quality of life and utilization of resources [5]. The number of connected smart objects is estimated to reach 212 billion by the end of 2020 [2, 3]. Such large numbers of connected smart objects will generate huge volumes of data that needs to be analysed and stored [6]. According to a study conducted by IBM, 2.5 quintillion bytes of data is generated every day [7]. Storing and processing such large volumes of Big Data is non-trivial, and requires the flexibility offered by Cloud computing [8]. Cloud computing offers a pool of configurable resources (hardware/software) that are available on demand [9], allowing users to submit jobs to service providers on the basis of pay-per-use. While the IoT provides smart devices with the ability to sense and generate large amount of data that reflect the physical world in different forms and different data speeds, Cloud Computing offers advanced technologies for ingesting, analysing and storing data [10]. The number of applications based on IoT and Cloud Computing is projected to increase rapidly over next few years. To this end, Gascon and Asin [11] predicted that in near future there will be about 54 types of IoT applications for addressing different domain [5] specific problems: security and emergency, smart environment, smart cities, smart metering, smart water, smart animal farming, smart agriculture, industrial control, retail, logistics, domestic and home automation and eHealth. Quality of Service roadmap for IoT applications

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