Metropolitan Spatial Structure and its Determinants: A Case-study of Tokyo

In this paper, to describe accurately the spatial structure of the Tokyo metropolitan area, the cubic-spline density function approach is applied and modified. It is shown that, during the 1975-85 decade, there was a substantial suburbanisation in the whole study area, while its three directional regions displayed three different spatial patterns. In identifying the determinants of the spatial dynamics, a varying-parameter model is proposed to confirm that increasing income and decreasing transportation cost would cause suburbanisation. The spatial differences in the directional region are also related to their different values of income and transportation cost.

[1]  C. Clark.  Urban Population Densities , 1951 .

[2]  Ye. S. Aynvarg.  Zones of Influence of Middle-Size Cities, Their Boundaries and Passenger Flows , 1969 .

[3]  Bruce E. Newling.  The Spatial Variation of Urban Population Densities , 1969 .

[4]  R. Muth,et al.  Cities and Housing. , 1970 .

[5]  E. Mills,et al.  Urban Density Functions , 1970 .

[6]  N. Glickman.  The Growth and Management of the Japanese Urban System , 1970, The Journal of Asian Studies.

[7]  J. Mcdonald,et al.  Some tests of alternative urban population density functions , 1976 .

[8]  M. White,et al.  Firm suburbanization and urban subcenters , 1976 .

[9]  Stanley R. Johnson,et al.  Urban spatial structure : an analysis with a varying coefficient model / BEBR No. 339 , 1976 .

[10]  The Functional Form in Estimating the Density Gradient: An Empirical Investigation , 1976 .

[11]  M. Frankena,et al.  A bias in estimating urban population density functions. , 1978, Journal of urban economics.

[12]  Andrew Mason,et al.  Spline Functions Fitted by Standard Regression Methods , 1978 .

[13]  E. Mills,et al.  Urbanization and Urban Problems , 1979 .

[14]  Some dynamics of central city-suburban interactions. , 1980 .

[15]  Takahiro Miyao,et al.  Dynamic analysis of the urban economy , 1981 .

[16]  John E. Anderson,et al.  Cubic-spline urban-density functions , 1982 .

[17]  Masahisa Fujita,et al.  Multiple equilibria and structural transition of non-monocentric urban configurations , 1982 .

[18]  G. Alperovich,et al.  Determinants of urban population density functions: a procedure for efficient estimates. , 1983, Regional science and urban economics.

[19]  An econometric study on the dynamics of urban spatial structure , 1983 .

[20]  G. Judge,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Econometrics , 1981 .

[21]  M. Macauley.  Estimation and recent behavior of urban population and employment density gradients , 1985 .

[22]  J. E. Anderson,et al.  The changing structure of a city: temporal changes in cubic spline urban density patterns. , 1985, Journal of regional science.

[23]  Speed of Suburbanization : Roxy index Analysis for Intra-Metropolitan Spatial Redistribution of Population in Japan , 1986 .

[24]  A. Nairn,et al.  Metropolitan density functions : A Further exploration , 1988 .

[25]  A. Skaburskis.  Inversions in Urban Density Gradients: A Brief Look at the Vancouver Metropolitan Area's Density Profile , 1989 .

[26]  J. Mcdonald.  Econometric studies of urban population density: a survey. , 1989, Journal of urban economics.

[27]  Xiao-Ping Zheng.  THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF HIERARCHICAL INTER-URBAN SYSTEMS: EQUILIBRIUM AND OPTIMUM* , 1990 .