Performance Evaluation of Various Training Algorithms for ANN Equalization in Visible Light Communications with an Organic LED

This paper evaluates the effect of training algorithms in an artificial neural network (ANN) equalizer for a feedforward multi-layer perceptron configuration in visible light communication systems using a low bandwidth organic light source. We test the scaled conjugate-gradient, conjugate-gradient backpropagation and Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation (LM) algorithms with 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 neurons. We show that, LM offers superior bit error rate performance in comparison to other training algorithms based on the mean square error. The training methods can be selected based on the trade-off between complexity and performance.

[1]  A D Ellis,et al.  10 Mb/s visible light transmission system using a polymer light-emitting diode with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. , 2014, Optics letters.

[2]  D. O’brien,et al.  100-Mb/s NRZ Visible Light Communications Using a Postequalized White LED , 2009, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Organic visible light communications: Recent progress , 2014, 2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON).

[4]  Martin Fodslette Meiller.  A Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Fast Supervised Learning , 1993 .

[5]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  1.4-Mb/s White Organic LED Transmission System Using Discrete Multitone Modulation , 2013, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[6]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Neural Networks and Learning Machines , 2010 .

[7]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  A Survey on Recent Advances in Organic Visible Light Communications , 2018, 2018 11th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP).

[8]  Parth H. Pathak,et al.  Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[9]  Wasiu O. Popoola,et al.  Visible Light Communications: Theory and Applications , 2016 .

[10]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Smartphone Camera Based Visible Light Communication , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[11]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University A 20-Mb / s VLC Link With a Polymer LED and a Multilayer Perceptron , 2016 .

[12]  S. J. Dhoble,et al.  Novel approaches for energy efficient solid state lighting by RGB organic light emitting diodes – A review , 2014 .

[13]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Visible light communications: real time 10 Mb/s link with a low bandwidth polymer light-emitting diode. , 2014, Optics express.

[14]  Kavita Burse,et al.  Channel Equalization Using Neural Networks: A Review , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[15]  Zhengyuan Xu,et al.  A 51.6 Mb/s Experimental VLC System Using a Monochromic Organic LED , 2018, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[16]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Novel detection technique for smartphone to smartphone visible light communications , 2016, 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP).

[17]  Hoa Le Minh,et al.  Wavelength-Multiplexed Polymer LEDs: Towards 55 Mb/s Organic Visible Light Communications , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[18]  Ali H. Sayed,et al.  Fundamentals Of Adaptive Filtering , 2003 .

[19]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Visible light communications using organic light emitting diodes , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[20]  C. Tang,et al.  Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .

[21]  Sujan Rajbhandari,et al.  Application of wavelets and artificial neural network for indoor optical wireless communication systems , 2010 .

[22]  Paul Anthony Haigh,et al.  Using Equalizers to Increase Data Rates in Organic Photonic Devices for Visible Light Communications Systems , 2014 .

[23]  Yavuz Sari,et al.  Performance Evaluation of the Various Training Algorithms and Network Topologies in a Neural-Network-Based Inverse Kinematics Solution for Robots , 2014 .

[24]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Equalization for organic light emitting diodes in visible light communications , 2011, 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[25]  Hoa Le Minh,et al.  Exploiting Equalization Techniques for Improving Data Rates in Organic Optoelectronic Devices for Visible Light Communications , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.