Review of kinetic and equilibrium concepts for biomass tar modeling by using Aspen Plus

Biomass tar has attracted attention in recent years to be modeled or represented by a specific formula or compound. It is a complex material, and its composition varies according to the process operating conditions such as gasification or pyrolysis. This paper reviews different tar models in which tar is represented as different components such as naphthalene, toluene and even as a bulk tar, based on operating temperatures range and their thermal stability or assumptions that have been made to model the process. All these models are done by Aspen Plus simulator based on kinetic and thermodynamic equilibrium, whereby different reactor models are used to represent processes in relevant with tar production or cracking. Results for the operation of combined heat and power (CHP) biomass bubbling fluidized bed gasification, which integrated with solid fuel cell (SOFC) or coupled with an internal combustion engine (ICE), show different accuracy in terms of cold gas or electrical efficiencies, depending on how tar is approximated (either as one hydrocarbon compound or mixture of hydrocarbons). Likewise, for three-stage and one fluidized bed unit, the performance is predicted through estimation of the cold gas efficiency and high heating value (HHV) of the produced gas, where the tar representation has also an impact on the accuracy of the predictions.

[1]  Douglas G. Tiffany,et al.  Fuel Properties of Biomass Feed Streams at Ethanol Plants , 2009 .

[2]  J. Corriou,et al.  Detailed Modeling of Biomass Gasification in Dual Fluidized Bed Reactors under Aspen Plus , 2012 .

[3]  Hermann Hofbauer,et al.  Development of catalytic tar decomposition downstream from a dual fluidized bed biomass steam gasifier , 2008 .

[4]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Exergy analysis of thermochemical ethanol production via biomass gasification and catalytic synthesis. , 2012 .

[5]  John W. Daily,et al.  Elucidation of Biomass Pyrolysis Products Using a Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor and Char Particle Imaging , 2011 .

[6]  Thomas A. Milne,et al.  Molecular characterization of the pyrolysis of biomass , 1987 .

[7]  Chunshan Li,et al.  Tar property, analysis, reforming mechanism and model for biomass gasification—An overview , 2009 .

[8]  Tilman J. Schildhauer,et al.  Biomass-integrated gasification fuel cell systems – Part 1: Definition of systems and technical analysis , 2009 .

[9]  Kenneth M. Bryden,et al.  Numerical Modeling of a Deep, Fixed Bed Combustor , 1996 .

[10]  Andreas Jess,et al.  Mechanisms and kinetics of thermal reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of solid fuels , 1996 .

[11]  Anastasia Zabaniotou,et al.  Energetic assessment of a combined heat and power integrated biomass gasification–internal combustion engine system by using Aspen Plus® , 2012 .

[12]  Raymond Edelman,et al.  Research on Methods of Improving the Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels. Volume I. Experimental Determination of Ignition Delay Times in Subsonic Flow Systems. Volume 2. Kinetics Modeling and Supersonic Testing , 1972 .

[13]  George W. Roberts,et al.  Chemical reactions and chemical reactors , 2008 .

[14]  Bing Liu,et al.  Process simulation of formation and emission of NO and N2O during coal decoupling combustion in a circulating fluidized bed combustor using Aspen Plus , 2012 .

[15]  Suhyun Kim,et al.  Kinetic analysis of catalytic coal gasification process in fixed bed condition using Aspen Plus , 2013 .

[16]  D. Klass.  Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals , 1998 .

[17]  Harrie Knoef,et al.  Handbook biomass gasification , 2005 .

[18]  T. Nussbaumer,et al.  Gas cleaning for IC engine applications from fixed bed biomass gasification , 1999 .

[19]  Peijun Ji,et al.  Production of ultrapure hydrogen from biomass gasification with air , 2009 .

[20]  C. M. Kinoshita,et al.  Tar formation under different biomass gasification conditions , 1994 .

[21]  P. Magne,et al.  Preliminary experiments on a wood gasification plant. , 1985 .

[22]  S. Channiwala,et al.  A UNIFIED CORRELATION FOR ESTIMATING HHV OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS , 2002 .

[23]  E. Riensche,et al.  Methane/steam reforming kinetics for solid oxide fuel cells , 1994 .

[24]  J. Jechura,et al.  Biomass to Hydrogen Production Detailed Design and Economics Utilizing the Battelle Columbus Laboratory Indirectly-Heated Gasifier , 2005 .

[25]  Laihong Shen,et al.  Simulation of hydrogen production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds , 2008 .

[26]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Pretreated olivine as tar removal catalyst for biomass gasifiers : investigation using naphthalene as model biomass tar , 2005 .

[27]  Y. Hwang,et al.  Review of cold storage materials for air conditioning application , 2012 .

[28]  Gang Li,et al.  Review of cold storage materials for subzero applications , 2013 .

[29]  R. Bain,et al.  Pilot-Scale Gasification of Corn Stover, Switchgrass, Wheat Straw, and Wood: 1. Parametric Study and Comparison with Literature , 2010 .

[30]  Gang Li,et al.  Comprehensive investigations of life cycle climate performance of packaged air source heat pumps for residential application , 2015 .

[31]  Emmanuel Kakaras,et al.  High temperature solid oxide fuel cell integrated with novel allothermal biomass gasification: Part I: Modelling and feasibility study , 2006 .

[32]  A. Gómez-Barea,et al.  Gasification of biomass and waste in a staged fluidized bed gasifier: Modeling and comparison with one-stage units , 2012 .

[33]  N. Mahinpey,et al.  Simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed reactor using ASPEN PLUS. , 2008 .

[34]  L. K. Mudge,et al.  Fundamentals of thermochemical biomass conversion , 1985 .

[35]  A. Krause,et al.  Steam Reforming of Gasification Gas Tar over Dolomite with Benzene as a Model Compound , 1999 .

[36]  A. M. Al Taweel,et al.  Thermodynamic simulation and evaluation of a steam CHP plant using ASPEN Plus , 1996 .

[37]  L. Douglas Smoot,et al.  Coal Combustion and Gasification , 1985 .

[38]  C. Palma,et al.  Modelling of tar formation and evolution for biomass gasification: A review , 2013 .

[39]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Decomposition of Naphthalene as a Biomass Tar over Pretreated Olivine: Effect of Gas Composition, Kinetic Approach, and Reaction Scheme , 2005 .

[40]  Toshiyuki Suda,et al.  Some process fundamentals of biomass gasification in dual fluidized bed , 2007 .

[41]  Y. Hwang,et al.  Experimental investigation on energy and exergy performance of adsorption cold storage for space cooling application , 2014 .

[42]  L.P.L.M. Rabou,et al.  Tar in Biomass Producer Gas, the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) Experience: An Enduring Challenge , 2009 .

[43]  T. A. Milne,et al.  Biomass Gasifier "Tars": Their Nature, Formation, and Conversion , 1998 .

[44]  W. R..  The Elements of Physical Chemistry , 1902, Nature.

[45]  Mohand Tazerout,et al.  Numerical investigation of the partial oxidation in a two-stage downdraft gasifier , 2008 .

[46]  Stefan Czernik,et al.  Production of Hydrogen from Biomass by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Fast Pyrolysis Oils , 1998 .

[47]  Tristan R. Brown,et al.  Biorenewable Resources: Engineering New Products from Agriculture , 2003 .

[48]  Gerrit Brem,et al.  Experimental comparison of biomass chars with other catalysts for tar reduction , 2008 .

[49]  O. Levenspiel.  Chemical Reaction Engineering , 1972 .

[50]  C. Westbrook,et al.  Chemical kinetic modeling of hydrocarbon combustion , 1984 .

[51]  Gang Li,et al.  Review of Thermal Energy Storage Technologies and Experimental Investigation of Adsorption Thermal Energy Storage for Residential Application , 2013 .

[52]  J. Sadhukhan,et al.  Performance analysis of integrated biomass gasification fuel cell (BGFC) and biomass gasification combined cycle (BGCC) systems , 2010 .

[53]  I. Hannula,et al.  A parametric modelling study for pressurised steam/O2-blown fluidised-bed gasification of wood with catalytic reforming , 2012 .

[54]  P. Pepiot,et al.  Current research on thermochemical conversion of biomass at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 2012 .

[55]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars: use of dolomite and untreated olivine , 2005 .

[56]  R. V. Morey,et al.  Fluidized bed combustion and gasification of corncobs. , 1987 .

[57]  Douglas C. Elliott,et al.  Relation of Reaction Time and Temperature to Chemical Composition of Pyrolysis Oils , 1988 .

[58]  Hermann Hofbauer,et al.  In-Bed Catalytic Tar Reduction in a Dual Fluidized Bed Biomass Steam Gasifier , 2004 .

[59]  Matthew J. De Kam,et al.  Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle for heat and power at ethanol plants. , 2009 .

[60]  Michel Feidt,et al.  Detailed process modeling of a wood gasification combined heat and power plant , 2013 .

[61]  Steven D. Phillips,et al.  Pilot-Scale Gasification of Corn Stover, Switchgrass, Wheat Straw, and Wood: 2. Identification of Global Chemistry Using Multivariate Curve Resolution Techniques , 2009 .

[62]  Seung Wook Baek,et al.  Catalytic cracking of tar component from high-temperature fuel gas , 2003 .

[63]  Prabir Basu,et al.  Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis: Practical Design and Theory , 2010 .