Magnetic resonance temperature imaging validation of a bioheat transfer model for laser‐induced thermal therapy

Purpose: Magnetic resonance‐guided laser‐induced thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is currently undergoing initial safety and feasibility clinical studies for the treatment of intracranial lesions in humans. As studies progress towards evaluation of treatment efficacy, predictive computational models may play an important role for prospective 3D treatment planning. The current work critically evaluates a computational model of laser induced bioheat transfer against retrospective multiplanar MR thermal imaging (MRTI) in a canine model of the MRgLITT procedure in the brain. Methods: A 3D finite element model of the bioheat transfer that couples Pennes equation to a diffusion theory approximation of light transport in tissue is used. The laser source is modelled conformal with the applicator geometry. Dirichlet boundary conditions are used to model the temperature of the actively cooled catheter. The MRgLITT procedure was performed on n = 4 canines using a 1‐cm diffusing tip 15‐W diode laser (980 nm). A weighted norm is used as the metric of comparison between the spatiotemporal MR‐derived temperature estimates and model prediction. Results: The normalised error history between the computational models and MRTI was within 1–4 standard deviations of MRTI noise. Active cooling models indicate that the applicator temperature has a strong effect on the maximum temperature reached, but does not significantly decrease the tissue temperature away from the active tip. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the computational model of the bioheat transfer may provide a reasonable approximation of the laser–tissue interaction, which could be useful for treatment planning, but cannot readily replace MR temperature imaging in a complex environment such as the brain.