Disclosure and Privacy Settings on Social Networking Sites: Evaluating an Instructional Intervention Designed to Promote Informed Information Sharing

The present study evaluated a video-based intervention designed to permit users of social networking to make informed decisions about the information they disclosed online. The videos provided information regarding potential risks of disclosure and well as step-by-step instructions on privacy setting use. Novice (n=40) and experienced (n=40). FacebookTM users were randomly assigned to either the video intervention condition, or given the choice to watch the video intervention then were asked to construct a new FacebookTM account or work on their existing account. Viewing the video encouraged greater use of privacy settings as well as use of more restrictive privacy settings. Gender differences revealed greater use of privacy settings among women. Experienced users continued to disclose more than novice users, however, they increased their use of privacy settings which restricted the availability of the disclosed information. This study shows promising use of direct and explicit instruction in the teaching of privacy online.

[1]  Dong-Hee Shin,et al.  The effects of trust, security and privacy in social networking: A security-based approach to understand the pattern of adoption , 2010, Interact. Comput..

[2]  Eileen Wood,et al.  Instructional Styles, Attitudes and Experiences of Seniors in Computer Workshops , 2010 .

[3]  Kathleen P. King,et al.  Identifying success in online teacher education and professional development , 2002, Internet High. Educ..

[4]  M. Worthy,et al.  Self-disclosure as an exchange process. , 1969 .

[5]  T. Bosch.  Using online social networking for teaching and learning: Facebook use at the University of Cape Town , 2009 .

[6]  Mary J. Culnan,et al.  Strategies for reducing online privacy risks: Why consumers read (or don't read) online privacy notices , 2004 .

[7]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Unpacking "privacy" for a networked world , 2003, CHI '03.

[8]  Kai Jakobs.  Standardization Research in Information Technology: New Perspectives , 2007 .

[9]  Alessandro Acquisti,et al.  Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook , 2006, Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

[10]  Geerten van de Kaa,et al.  The Challenge of Establishing a Recognized Interdisciplinary Journal: A Citation Analysis of the International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research , 2013, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[12]  Emily Christofides,et al.  Information Disclosure and Control on Facebook: Are They Two Sides of the Same Coin or Two Different Processes? , 2009, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[13]  S. Minocha.  Role of Social Software Tools in Education: A Literature Review. , 2009 .

[14]  Thomas Li-Ping Tang,et al.  Students' perceptions of teaching technologies, application of technologies, and academic performance , 2009, Comput. Educ..

[15]  T. Paulus,et al.  Using a social networking site for experiential learning: Appropriating, lurking, modeling and community building , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[16]  Kathy L. Guthrie,et al.  Promoting Reflective Discourse through Connectivity: Conversations around Service-Learning Experiences , 2010 .

[17]  K. VanLehn,et al.  Cognitive skill acquisition. , 1996, Annual review of psychology.

[18]  Claudia J. Ferrante,et al.  Information Security Program Effectiveness in Organizations: The Moderating Role of Task Interdependence , 2014, J. Organ. End User Comput..

[19]  Daniel Firpo,et al.  The Use of Facebook in an Introductory MIS Course: Social Constructivist Learning Environment* , 2012 .

[20]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecra Privacy as information access and illusory control: The case of the Facebook News Feed privacy outcry , 2022 .

[21]  E. Wood,et al.  Developing a Computer Workshop To Facilitate Computer Skills and Minimize Anxiety for Early Childhood Educators , 2002 .

[22]  Esharenana E. Adomi.  Frameworks for ICT Policy: Government, Social and Legal Issues , 2010 .

[23]  Danah Boyd,et al.  Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[24]  Jude Higdon,et al.  Blogs and Wikis as Instructional Tools: A Social Software Adaptation of Just-in-Time Teaching , 2009 .

[25]  Alissa N. Anderson.  Implementing Technology in the Classroom: Assessing Teachers’ Needs Through the Use of a Just-In-Time Support System , 2009 .

[26]  Katelyn Y. A. McKenna,et al.  Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the "true self" on the Internet. , 2002 .

[27]  Karin Archer,et al.  Examining priming and gender as a means to reduce risk in a social networking context: Can stories change disclosure and privacy setting use when personal profiles are constructed? , 2012, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[28]  Gunnar Ellingsen.  Tightrope Walking: Standardisation Meets Local Work-Practice in a Hospital , 2004, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[29]  G. C. Homans,et al.  Social Behavior as Exchange , 1958, American Journal of Sociology.

[30]  Mary Anne Nixon.  Cheating in Cyberspace: Maintaining Quality in Online Education , 2004 .

[31]  Charles Oppenheim,et al.  Social, Ethical and Policy Implications of Information Technology , 2004, J. Documentation.

[32]  Joshua Fogel,et al.  Internet social network communities: Risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns , 2009, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[33]  John Suler,et al.  The Online Disinhibition Effect , 2004, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[34]  K. Cook,et al.  Social Exchange Theory , 1989, Theoretical Sociology.

[35]  DongBack Seo,et al.  Are Asian Countries Ready to Lead a Global ICT Standardization? , 2012, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[36]  Barak Rosenshine,et al.  Explicit Teaching and Teacher Training , 1987 .

[37]  S. Desmarais,et al.  Risky Disclosures on Facebook , 2012 .

[38]  Elisheva F. Gross,et al.  Extending the school grounds?--Bullying experiences in cyberspace. , 2008, The Journal of school health.

[39]  Anne Layne-Farrar,et al.  Assessing the Link Between Standards and Patents , 2011, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[40]  R. Christner,et al.  These Tough Economic Times. , 2009 .

[41]  Laura A. Granka,et al.  Let Me Count the Ways , 2005 .

[42]  Mark Kieler,et al.  Digital Orphans: Technology's Wayward Children , 2004 .

[43]  Liesbeth Kester,et al.  Just-in-time information presentation and the acquisition of complex cognitive skills , 2001, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[44]  Axel Polleres,et al.  Semantic Web Standards for Publishing and Integrating Open Data , 2015 .

[45]  Ton de Jong,et al.  Using just-in-time information to support scientific discovery learning in a computer-based simulation , 2006, Interact. Learn. Environ..

[46]  Cliff Lampe,et al.  The Benefits of Facebook "Friends: " Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[47]  M. Lynne Markus,et al.  Comparing the Standards Lens with Other Perspectives on IS Innovations: The Case of CPFR , 2006, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[48]  Cheri J. Simonds,et al.  I'll See You On “Facebook”: The Effects of Computer-Mediated Teacher Self-Disclosure on Student Motivation, Affective Learning, and Classroom Climate , 2007 .

[49]  M. Allen,et al.  Sex differences in self-disclosure: a meta-analysis. , 1992, Psychological bulletin.

[50]  M. Argyle,et al.  The Effects of Visibility on Interaction in a Dyad , 1968 .

[51]  Vladislav V. Fomin.  Standards as Hybrids: An Essay on Tensions and Juxtapositions in Contemporary Standardization , 2012, Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res..

[52]  Androniki Kavoura,et al.  Cyberbullying: A Review of the Literature on Harassment Through the Internet and Other Electronic Means , 2010, Family & community health.

[53]  Debora Jeske,et al.  Understanding Bystanders' Willingness to Intervene in Traditional and Cyberbullying Scenarios , 2016, Int. J. Cyber Behav. Psychol. Learn..

[54]  Mirna Willer.  Name Authority Control Paradigm Shift in the Network Environment , 2011 .

[55]  Joe Garofalo,et al.  Connecting Informal and Formal Learning Experiences in the Age of Participatory Media , 2008 .

[56]  Eileen Wood,et al.  All about me: Disclosure in online social networking profiles: The case of FACEBOOK , 2010, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[57]  Zeynep Tufekci.  Can You See Me Now? Audience and Disclosure Regulation in Online Social Network Sites , 2008 .

[58]  M. Roblyer,et al.  Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[59]  J. Meek,et al.  Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: ‘It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work’ , 2009 .

[60]  J KnappKenneth,et al.  Information Security Program Effectiveness in Organizations , 2014 .

[61]  Rachel Barker,et al.  IT Policy and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications , 2013 .

[62]  Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer,et al.  Computer-based tools for instructional design: An introduction to the special issue , 2002 .

[63]  George R. Milne,et al.  Gender Differences in Privacy-Related Measures for Young Adult Facebook Users , 2010 .

[64]  K. Sheehan,et al.  An investigation of gender differences in on-line privacy concerns and resultant behaviors , 1999 .

[65]  Bernhard Debatin,et al.  Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Unintended Consequences , 2009, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[66]  Decision-Making and Self-Disclosure , 1986 .

[67]  N. Selwyn.  Faceworking: exploring students' education‐related use of Facebook , 2009 .

[68]  Alessandro Acquisti,et al.  Information revelation and privacy in online social networks , 2005, WPES '05.

[69]  I. Altman,et al.  Interpersonal exchange as a function of rewards and costs and situational factors: Expectancy confirmation-disconfirmation. , 1969 .