Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural and Statistic Biomaterial Evaluation: Comparison between Synthetic Nano-Hydroxyapatite /Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite in No Critic Defects in Rat Calvaria

Nowadays, we can observe a worldwide trend towards the development of synthetic biomaterials. Several studies have been conducted to have a better understanding of the cellular conduct involved in the processes of inflammation and bone healing related to living tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate tissue behavior of two different types of biomaterials: synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite / beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in non-critical bone defects in rat calvaria. Twenty-four rats underwent experimental surgery procedure in which two 3 mm defects in each cavity were performed. Rats were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, using xenogen hydroxyapatite (Bio oss TM); Group 2, using synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite / beta-tricalcium phosphate (Blue Bone TM). Sixty days after surgery, calvaria bone defect was filled with biomaterial, animals were euthanized and stained with Masson's trichrome and PAS staining technic, immune-labeled with anti-TNF-α, anti-MMP-9 and electron microscopy analyzes were also performed. Histomorphometric analysis indicates a greater presence of protein matrix in Group 2, in addition to higher levels of TNF-α, MMP-9. The ultrastructural analysis shows biomaterial-fibroblasts association in tissue regeneration stage. Paired statistical data indicates that Blue Bone TM can improve bone formation / remodeling when compared to biomaterials of xenogenous origin.

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