Nerve growth factor as a paradigm for other polypeptide growth factors

The last decade has witnessed a veritable explosion in the number of studies on polypeptide growth factors (PGFs) because of their ability to promote the proliferation and/or differentiation of different cell types 1. A PGF's typical effect is to cause 'growth' in its target cells, where growth may be defined as an increase in the number (hyperplasia), in the size (hypertrophy) of cells, or, in the case of neurons in the extension of axons and dendrites. By the end of this growth process, cells have usually undergone terminal differentiation. The object of this article is to review recent developments in the study of one of the PGFs nerve growth factor (NGF). This factor was initially considered a specific effector molecule for two neural crest derivatives, sensory and sympathetic nerve cells. Work during the last decade has shown that NGF activity also extends to CNS neurons and to non-neuronal cells such as chromaffin and mast cells.

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