Spectrally-accurate numerical method for acoustic scattering from doubly-periodic 3D multilayered media

Abstract A periodizing scheme and the method of fundamental solutions are used to solve acoustic wave scattering from doubly-periodic three-dimensional multilayered media. A scattered wave in a unit cell is represented by the sum of the near and distant contribution. The near contribution uses the free-space Green's function and its eight immediate neighbors. The contribution from the distant sources is expressed using proxy source points over a sphere surrounding the unit cell and its neighbors. The Rayleigh-Bloch radiation condition is applied to the top and bottom layers. Extra unknowns produced by the periodizing scheme in the linear system are eliminated using a Schur complement. The proposed numerical method avoids using singular quadratures and the quasi-periodic Green's function or complicated lattice sum techniques. Therefore, the proposed scheme is robust at all scattering parameters including Wood anomalies. The algorithm is also applicable to electromagnetic problems by using the dyadic Green's function. Numerical examples with 10-digit accuracy are provided. Finally, reflection and transmission spectra are computed over a wide range of incident angles for device characterization.

[1]  Leslie Greengard,et al.  A new integral representation for quasi-periodic fields and its application to two-dimensional band structure calculations , 2010, J. Comput. Phys..

[2]  Wei Cai,et al.  Accurate and efficient Nyström volume integral equation method for the Maxwell equations for multiple 3-D scatterers , 2015, J. Comput. Phys..

[3]  Björn Engquist,et al.  Consistent modeling of boundaries in acoustic finite-difference time-domain simulations. , 2012, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[4]  L. Greengard,et al.  A Fast Summation Method for Oscillatory Lattice Sums. , 2016, Journal of mathematical physics.

[5]  Wei Cai,et al.  Computational Methods for Electromagnetic Phenomena: Electrostatics in solvation , 2013 .

[6]  Raj Mittra,et al.  Efficient calculation of the free-space periodic Green's function , 1990 .

[7]  P. Kosmas,et al.  FDTD simulation of TE and TM plane waves at nonzero incidence in arbitrary Layered media , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[8]  Naoshi Nishimura,et al.  A periodic FMM for Maxwell's equations in 3D and its applications to problems related to photonic crystals , 2008, J. Comput. Phys..

[9]  Zydrunas Gimbutas,et al.  A wideband fast multipole method for the Helmholtz equation in three dimensions , 2006, J. Comput. Phys..

[10]  Min Hyung Cho,et al.  Robust fast direct integral equation solver for quasi-periodic scattering problems with a large number of layers. , 2014, Optics express.

[11]  Wei Cai,et al.  A heterogeneous FMM for layered media Helmholtz equation I: Two layers in R2 , 2017, J. Comput. Phys..

[12]  Wei Cai,et al.  Accurate and Efficient Nyström Volume Integral Equation Method for Electromagnetic Scattering of 3-D Metamaterials in Layered Media , 2018, SIAM J. Sci. Comput..

[13]  Stefan A. Sauter,et al.  Is the Pollution Effect of the FEM Avoidable for the Helmholtz Equation Considering High Wave Numbers? , 1997, SIAM Rev..

[14]  Wei Cai,et al.  Fast calculations of dyadic Green's functions for electromagnetic scattering in a multilayered medium , 2000 .

[15]  Yuxiang Liu,et al.  Efficient numerical solution of acoustic scattering from doubly-periodic arrays of axisymmetric objects , 2015, J. Comput. Phys..

[16]  Lifeng Li,et al.  Use of Fourier series in the analysis of discontinuous periodic structures , 1996 .

[17]  Jun Lai,et al.  A fast and robust solver for the scattering from a layered periodic structure containing multi-particle inclusions , 2014, J. Comput. Phys..

[18]  Chris M. Linton,et al.  Lattice Sums for the Helmholtz Equation , 2010, SIAM Rev..

[19]  H. Atwater,et al.  Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. , 2010, Nature materials.

[20]  Oscar P. Bruno,et al.  Rapidly convergent two-dimensional quasi-periodic Green function throughout the spectrum - including Wood anomalies , 2014, J. Comput. Phys..

[21]  T. Gaylord,et al.  Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of planar-grating diffraction , 1981 .

[22]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[23]  Ying He,et al.  A Spectral Element Method with Transparent Boundary Condition for Periodic Layered Media Scattering , 2016, J. Sci. Comput..

[24]  K. E. Jordan,et al.  An efficient numerical evaluation of the Green's function for the Helmholtz operator on periodic structures , 1986 .

[25]  Leslie Greengard,et al.  A fast algorithm for particle simulations , 1987 .

[26]  R. Wood XLII. On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum , 1902 .

[27]  Weng Cho Chew,et al.  A 3D perfectly matched medium from modified maxwell's equations with stretched coordinates , 1994 .

[28]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[29]  Youngjoon Hong,et al.  A high-order perturbation of surfaces method for scattering of linear waves by periodic multiply layered gratings in two and three dimensions , 2017, J. Comput. Phys..

[30]  M. Wegener,et al.  Past achievements and future challenges in the development of three-dimensional photonic metamaterials , 2011 .

[31]  Nathan S Lewis,et al.  Enhanced absorption and carrier collection in Si wire arrays for photovoltaic applications. , 2010, Nature materials.

[32]  V. D. Kupradze,et al.  The method of functional equations for the approximate solution of certain boundary value problems , 1964 .

[33]  Gang Bao,et al.  Finite element approximation of time harmonic waves in periodic structures , 1995 .

[34]  Ramani Duraiswami,et al.  A method to compute periodic sums , 2013, J. Comput. Phys..

[35]  Weng Cho Chew,et al.  Fast evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals for EM scattering and radiation by three-dimensional buried objects , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[36]  W. Chew Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media , 1990 .

[37]  S. Chandler-Wilde,et al.  Efficient calculation of two-dimensional periodic and waveguide acoustic Green's functions. , 2002, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[38]  V. Rokhlin,et al.  A fast direct solver for boundary integral equations in two dimensions , 2003 .

[39]  Wei Cai,et al.  Algorithmic Issues for Electromagnetic Scattering in Layered Media: Green's Functions, Current Basis, and Fast Solver , 2002, Adv. Comput. Math..

[40]  P. P. Ewald Die Berechnung optischer und elektrostatischer Gitterpotentiale , 1921 .

[41]  Per-Gunnar Martinsson,et al.  Fast direct solvers for integral equations in complex three-dimensional domains , 2009, Acta Numerica.

[42]  R. Wood,et al.  On a Remarkable Case of Uneven Distribution of Light in a Diffraction Grating Spectrum , 1902 .

[43]  HackbuschW. A sparse matrix arithmetic based on H-matrices. Part I , 1999 .

[44]  Ronald H. W. Hoppe,et al.  Finite element methods for Maxwell's equations , 2005, Math. Comput..

[45]  Tomuo Yamaguchi,et al.  Optics of anisotropic nanostructures , 2006 .

[46]  Simon N. Chandler-Wilde,et al.  A Nyström Method for a Class of Integral Equations on the Real Line with Applications to Scattering by Diffraction Gratings and Rough Surfaces , 2000 .

[47]  Leslie Greengard,et al.  A new integral representation for quasi-periodic scattering problems in two dimensions , 2011 .

[48]  Wolfgang Hackbusch,et al.  A Sparse Matrix Arithmetic Based on H-Matrices. Part I: Introduction to H-Matrices , 1999, Computing.

[49]  Wei Cai,et al.  Efficient and Accurate Computation of Electric Field Dyadic Green’s Function in Layered Media , 2016, J. Sci. Comput..

[50]  S. Shipman,et al.  Resonant scattering by open periodic waveguides 1 , 2010 .

[51]  Graeme Fairweather,et al.  The method of fundamental solutions for elliptic boundary value problems , 1998, Adv. Comput. Math..

[52]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light , 1995 .

[53]  Oscar P. Bruno,et al.  Superalgebraically convergent smoothly windowed lattice sums for doubly periodic Green functions in three-dimensional space , 2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[54]  S. Shipman,et al.  Domain Decomposition for Quasi-Periodic Scattering by Layered Media via Robust Boundary-Integral Equations at All Frequencies , 2018, Communications in Computational Physics.

[55]  Wei Cai,et al.  A parallel fast algorithm for computing the Helmholtz integral operator in 3-D layered media , 2012, J. Comput. Phys..

[56]  Min Hyung Cho,et al.  Rigorous approach on diffracted magneto-optical effects from polar and longitudinal gyrotropic gratings. , 2008, Optics express.

[57]  AI,et al.  Analysing Ewald ’ s Method for the Evaluation of Green ’ s Functions for Periodic Media , 2010 .

[58]  David P. Nicholls,et al.  Numerical Solution of Diffraction Problems: A High-Order Perturbation of Surfaces and Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation Method , 2017, SIAM J. Numer. Anal..