Psychiatric consequences and issues of long COVID on patients with prior psychiatric comorbidities: a scoping review

SARS-CoV-2 is a growing field of research and mental health in long COVID is one of its interesting domains. This scoping review aims at studying the outcomes of mental health in patients already known for psychiatric illness. This was done by researching the literature in two databases (Embase and PubMed) for articles studying mental health consequences of long COVID in patients already known for psychiatric history. Eleven studies were included. 6/11 studies found an effect of long COVID, with varying severity of outcomes studied, with either a worsening in length or severity. 4/11 did not find any correlation between worsening symptoms and psychiatric history. The methods for assessing which psychiatric symptoms to include and how to determine prior history were heterogeneous, making direct comparison sometimes difficult. The data seem to show worse effects of long COVID on mental health of patients with prior mental illness, with limitations regarding the heterogeneity of the studies’ designs and focuses. It also highlights how neglected this population of patients is in the current state of research.

[1]  A. Volpicelli,et al.  The Psychiatric Consequences of Long-COVID: A Scoping Review , 2022, Journal of personalized medicine.

[2]  D. Nishi,et al.  Differences in the Course of Depression and Anxiety after COVID-19 Infection between Recovered Patients with and without a Psychiatric History: A Cross-Sectional Study , 2022, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[3]  M. Taquet,et al.  Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients , 2022, The Lancet Psychiatry.

[4]  A. Tatu,et al.  Post COVID-19 Infection Psychosis: Could SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection Be a Neuropsychiatric Condition That Triggers Psychotic Disorders? – A Case-Based Short Review , 2022, Infection and drug resistance.

[5]  C. Pistarini,et al.  Psychiatric symptoms subsequent to COVID-19 and their association with clinical features: A retrospective investigation , 2022, Psychiatry Research.

[6]  M. Onofrj,et al.  COVID-19 and first manic episodes: a systematic review , 2022, Psychiatry Research.

[7]  R. Dornbush,et al.  Examining the Long-Term Sequelae of SARS-CoV2 Infection in Patients Seen in an Outpatient Psychiatric Department , 2022, Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.

[8]  G. Mora,et al.  Cognitive phenotyping of post-infectious SARS-CoV-2 patients , 2022, Neurological Sciences.

[9]  E. Ihle,et al.  (PO-172) COVID-19 Catatonia: A Review and Update After One Year , 2022, Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.

[10]  D. Spandidos,et al.  Long COVID and neuropsychiatric manifestations (Review) , 2022, Experimental and therapeutic medicine.

[11]  K. Kurz,et al.  Who Is at Risk of Poor Mental Health Following Coronavirus Disease-19 Outpatient Management? , 2022, Frontiers in Medicine.

[12]  S. Agarwal,et al.  Association of depression and COVID-induced PTSD with cognitive symptoms after COVID-19 illness , 2022, General Hospital Psychiatry.

[13]  B. Frey,et al.  Conversion to major neurocognitive disorder after COVID‐19 in a woman with bipolar disorder: A 6‐year longitudinal case report , 2022, Bipolar disorders.

[14]  E. Waldron,et al.  Outcomes in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) at 6 months post-infection Part 1: Cognitive functioning , 2022, The Clinical neuropsychologist.

[15]  Po-Lin Chen,et al.  Acute delirium as an initial manifestation of COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke: Report on two cases , 2022, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.

[16]  S. Sunaert,et al.  The impact of COVID-19-related smell and taste disorders on a patient with bulimia nervosa: a case report , 2022, Neurocase.

[17]  C. Robba,et al.  Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis , 2022, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[18]  D. Ignatova,et al.  Post‐COVID‐19 psychosis: Cotard's syndrome and potentially high risk of harm and self‐harm in a first‐onset acute and transient psychotic disorder after resolution of COVID‐19 pneumonia , 2021, Early intervention in psychiatry.

[19]  C. Giurgi-Oncu,et al.  Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Mental Health Difficulties Result in a Reduced Quality of Life in the Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , 2021, Brain sciences.

[20]  S. Ganjekar,et al.  Lithium toxicity at therapeutic doses as a fallout of COVID-19 infection: a case series and possible mechanisms , 2021, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[21]  F. Benedetti,et al.  Rapid response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in post-COVID depression , 2021, European Neuropsychopharmacology.

[22]  G. Úrrutia,et al.  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. , 2021, Revista espanola de cardiologia.

[23]  C. Chew‐Graham,et al.  Mitigating the impacts of COVID-19: where are the mental health trials? , 2021, The Lancet Psychiatry.

[24]  B. Levis,et al.  Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis , 2021, BMJ.

[25]  S. Martins,et al.  Post-infection depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study in patients with mild COVID-19 , 2021, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[26]  E. Mayo-Wilson,et al.  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews , 2021, BMJ.

[27]  M. Boldrini,et al.  How COVID-19 Affects the Brain. , 2021, JAMA psychiatry.

[28]  E. Diamandis,et al.  An overview of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic , 2021, Diagnosis.

[29]  F. Benedetti,et al.  Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up , 2021, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

[30]  N. Hoertel,et al.  Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study , 2021, Molecular Psychiatry.

[31]  M. Sivan,et al.  NICE guideline on long covid , 2020, BMJ.

[32]  D. Lawlor,et al.  Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts , 2020, The British Journal of Psychiatry.

[33]  F. Benedetti,et al.  Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors , 2020, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

[34]  A. Sultana,et al.  Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review , 2020, F1000Research.

[35]  Paolo Fusar-Poli,et al.  Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic , 2020, The Lancet Psychiatry.

[36]  Fanyang Kong,et al.  Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 , 2020, medRxiv.

[37]  J. Hlinka,et al.  Relapse in schizophrenia: Definitively not a bolt from the blue , 2016, Neuroscience Letters.

[38]  O. Almeida.  Prevention of depression in older age. , 2014, Maturitas.

[39]  E. Mohammadi,et al.  Barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of a physiological track and trigger system: A systematic review of the qualitative evidence , 2017, International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care.

[40]  F. Schmidt.  Meta-Analysis , 2008 .

[41]  W. Iacono,et al.  Risk for recurrence in depression. , 2007, Clinical psychology review.

[42]  Stephen H. Bell,et al.  A ?scoping review. , 2018, Sexual health.

[43]  R. Dantzer,et al.  From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain , 2008, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[44]  John H. Jopson,et al.  A REPORT OF TWO CASES , 1902 .