Enterococcus faecalis, a dental point of view

Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium prevalent in periodontal diseases and root canal infections. Objective: To analyze the existing literature about the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and clinical manifestations of E. faecalis. Methodology: PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched with the following keywords: E. faecalis, bacterial resistance, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatments, and clinical manifestations and the information obtained was used to generate this review. Results: The oral cavity may constitute a reservoir for virulent strains of E. faecalis, which may have both biofilm formation capacity and antibiotics resistance. The diagnosis is by culture or PCR analysis on duct samples. The clinical manifestations are periapical lesions, pain on percussion and/or palpation, and radiographically deficient endodontics. The treatment for the elimination of E. faecalis consists in the instrumentation and the irrigation with NaOCl. Conclusions: In dentistry, continuous research on E. faecalis and its elimination from the oral cavity may improve results in root canal treatments.

[1]  Xianting Ding,et al.  A simple and rapid colorimetric bacteria detection method based on bacterial inhibition of glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction. , 2019, Talanta.

[2]  D. Arola,et al.  Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties. , 2019, Journal of dentistry.

[3]  Elizabeth Gates,et al.  Innovations in Worksite Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections and the Occupational Health Nurse , 2019, Workplace health & safety.

[4]  H. Frickmann,et al.  Evaluation of FISH for Blood Cultures under Diagnostic Real-Life Conditions , 2018, European journal of microbiology & immunology.

[5]  F. Saffari,et al.  Virulence Genes, Antibiotic Resistance and Capsule Locus Polymorphisms in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from Canals of Root-Filled Teeth with Periapical Lesions , 2018, Infection & chemotherapy.

[6]  A. Bahador,et al.  Evaluation of the Effect of MTAD on Expression of Enterococcus faecalis Virulence Factors Considering the Role of Different Obturating Materials , 2018, Journal of dentistry.

[7]  J. Bolaños,et al.  Comparación in vitro de la microfiltración corono-apical del Enterococcus faecalis con tres diferentes técnicas de obturación: lateral, vertical y de vástago, en premolares unirradiculares , 2018 .

[8]  L. G. Rossato-Grando,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of hypochlorite solutions and reciprocating instrumentation associated with photodynamic therapy on root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis - An in vitro study. , 2018, Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy.

[9]  M. Bedier,et al.  Improved dentin disinfection by combining different-geometry rotary nickel-titanium files in preparing root canals , 2018, Restorative dentistry & endodontics.

[10]  A. Taddei,et al.  The controversial role of Enterococcus faecalis in colorectal cancer , 2018, Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology.

[11]  Renu Batra,et al.  Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Root Canal Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: A Comparative Study. , 2018, The journal of contemporary dental practice.

[12]  W. Felippe,et al.  Effectiveness of nanoparticles solutions and conventional endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm , 2018, Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research.

[13]  Y. Finer,et al.  Enterococcus faecalis Hydrolyzes Dental Resin Composites and Adhesives , 2018, Journal of endodontics.

[14]  A. Kozlov,et al.  [Polyresistent microflora in the structure of microorganisms divided from blood of patients of the general hospital.] , 2018, Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika.

[15]  I. Dige,et al.  Effect of photodynamic therapy in combination with various irrigation protocols on an endodontic multispecies biofilm ex vivo , 2018, International endodontic journal.

[16]  D. Gabrić,et al.  Efficacy of Three Different Lasers on Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans Biofilms in Root Canal System. , 2017, Photomedicine and laser surgery.

[17]  M. Pourhajibagher,et al.  The evaluation of cultivable microbiota profile in patients with secondary endodontic infection before and after photo-activated disinfection. , 2017, Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy.

[18]  R. Mirnejad,et al.  Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from hospitals in Tehran. , 2017, Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive.

[19]  K. Neumann,et al.  Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo , 2017, BioMed research international.

[20]  D. Drake,et al.  Diversity of Enterococcus faecalis Genotypes from Multiple Oral Sites Associated with Endodontic Failure Using Repetitive Sequence‐based Polymerase Chain Reaction and Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction , 2017, Journal of endodontics.

[21]  Agnieszka Mielczarek,et al.  Effectiveness of repeated photodynamic therapy in the elimination of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: an in vitro study , 2017, Lasers in Medical Science.

[22]  M. H. Ensom,et al.  Combination of Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin for the Treatment of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Qualitative Systematic Review , 2017, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[23]  J. Ling,et al.  Effects of inactivated Enterococcus faecalis on the proliferation and osteogenic induction of osteoblasts , 2016, Molecular medicine reports.

[24]  R. Ampornaramveth,et al.  Effectiveness of Different Disinfection Protocols on the Reduction of Bacteria in Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Teeth with Large Root Canals. , 2016, Journal of endodontics.

[25]  A. Al-Ahmad,et al.  Enterococcus faecalis from Food, Clinical Specimens, and Oral Sites: Prevalence of Virulence Factors in Association with Biofilm Formation , 2016, Front. Microbiol..

[26]  Y. Houri-Haddad,et al.  Phage therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals , 2016, Journal of oral microbiology.

[27]  M. Sparo,et al.  Clinical and microbiological features of bacteremia caused by Enterococcus faecalis. , 2015, Journal of infection in developing countries.

[28]  Monica Felts de La Roca Soares,et al.  The efficacy of photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique. , 2015, Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy.

[29]  J. Liang,et al.  Exploration of the mechanisms of biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis in glucose starvation environments. , 2015, Australian dental journal.

[30]  W. Jiang,et al.  Assessment of dentinal tubule invasion capacity of Enterococcus faecalis under stress conditions ex vivo. , 2015, International endodontic journal.

[31]  A. Farina,et al.  Comparative evaluation of calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation on antimicrobial activity of a root canal system infected with Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study. , 2014, Journal of endodontics.

[32]  S. Villalobos,et al.  Enterococcus faecalis en dientes con periodontitis apical asintomática , 2014 .

[33]  E. G. Barbero,et al.  Biofilm. Un nuevo concepto de infección en Endodoncia , 2010 .

[34]  A. Izquierdo,et al.  Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Enterococcus infections in children , 2007 .

[35]  S. Schwartz,et al.  nterococcus faecalis: Its Role in Root Canal Treatment ailure and Current Concepts in Retreatment , 2006 .

[36]  A. Rosado,et al.  Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bacterial communities associated with failed endodontic treatment. , 2004, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.