Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of Coal Minerals and Their Thermal Transformations

An infrared (IR) emission cell which is capable of operation up to 1500°C is described. The cell is based on an atomic absorption graphite furnace and is coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The spectrometer has been used to measure the emission spectrum of quartz from 200 to 1400°C, and the changes in the spectrum occurring with temperature can be related to the formation of cristobalite; transitions between low and high forms (alpha and beta forms) can also be monitored. Aragonite has also been analyzed through the temperature range 100 to 600°C, and the aragonite/calcite transition is clearly evident. The transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite and through to mullite and cristobalite has also been studied with this in situ technique. The formation of mullite is evident in the spectrum at temperatures as low as 900°C, and the formation of cristobalite is clearly seen at 1200°C.

[1]  T. Ishizuka,et al.  Applications of Laser-Induced Thermal Emission Spectroscopy to Various Samples , 1989 .

[2]  N. Sheppard,et al.  Fourier-transform i.r. emission studies of weakly emitting overlayers on metal surfaces; experimental and spectral-ratioing procedures and the comparative use of room temperature triglycine sulphate and low-temperature mercury cadmium telluride detectors , 1979 .

[3]  Transient infrared emission spectroscopy , 1989 .

[4]  Michael A. Wilson,et al.  Infrared spectroscopy of coal maceral concentrates at elevated temperatures , 1991 .

[5]  B. Kowalski,et al.  Quantitative infrared emission spectroscopy using multivariate calibration , 1988 .

[6]  A. Ishitani,et al.  Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectrometry to Surface Analysis , 1984 .

[7]  R. Larsson,et al.  Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Studies of Metal Oxide Catalysts , 1986 .

[8]  D. Chase.  The Sensitivity and Limitations of Condensed Phase Infrared Emission Spectroscopy , 1981 .

[9]  P. Blok,et al.  Infrared emission spectra from a heterogeneous catalyst system in reaction conditions. 1: Description of the microreactor assembly. , 1980, Applied optics.

[10]  N. Harrick,et al.  A New Accessory for Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Measurements , 1986 .

[11]  M. Low,et al.  INFRARED EMISSION SPECTRA OF FATTY ACIDS ON STEEL SURFACES , 1965 .

[12]  J. Bates,et al.  Infrared Emission Spectra of Molten Salts , 1973 .

[13]  P. Baraldi,et al.  Some problems concerning infrared emission measurements , 1983 .

[14]  Michael A. Wilson,et al.  Coal pyrolysis residue analysis by 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry , 1986 .

[15]  M. Primet,et al.  Propene-V2O2 interactions studied by infrared emission spectroscopy , 1979 .

[16]  S. Paglia,et al.  Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Applied to the Oxidation of Molybdenum , 1978 .

[17]  Z. Kam,et al.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1998 .

[18]  R. Spragg,et al.  A Simple Method of Measuring Emission Spectra with an FT-IR Spectrometer , 1986 .

[19]  D. D. Archibald,et al.  Preliminary Studies of Laser-Induced Thermal Emission Spectroscopy of Condensed Phases , 1988 .

[20]  J. Markham,et al.  Extension of emission-transmission technique to particulate samples using FT-IR , 1986 .

[21]  N. Sheppard.  The Use of Fourier Transform Methods for the Measurement of Infrared Emission Spectra , 1980 .

[22]  M. Low.  Applications of Multiple-Scan Interferometry to the Measurement of Infrared Spectra , 1968 .

[23]  P. Griffiths.  Infrared Emission Spectroscopy. I. Basic Considerations , 1972 .

[24]  O. Faix,et al.  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , 1992 .

[25]  P. R. Solomon,et al.  Infrared Analysis of Particulates by FT-IR Emission/Transmission Spectroscopy , 1986 .

[26]  P. Baraldi,et al.  Features of Infrared Emission Spectra of Organic Compounds , 1984 .

[27]  M. Low,et al.  Measurement of the spectral emission of infrared radiation of minerals and rocks using multiple-scan interferometry. , 1966, Applied optics.

[28]  H. Inoue,et al.  Infrared Emission Spectra of Solid Surfaces. , 1964 .

[29]  P. Baraldi,et al.  Infrared Emission Spectra of Solids , 1972 .

[30]  N. Sheppard,et al.  The Use of Ratio-Recording Interferometry for the Measurement of Infrared Emission Spectra: Applications to Oxide Films on Copper Surfaces , 1975 .

[31]  T. R. Kozlowski.  Application of high temperature infrared emission spectroscopy to molten salts. , 1968, Applied optics.

[32]  M. Low,et al.  The measurement of infrared emission spectra using multiple-scan interferometry , 1966 .

[33]  J. Scott,et al.  Longitudinal and Transverse Optical Lattice Vibrations in Quartz , 1967 .

[34]  James E. Stewart,et al.  Infrared spectroscopy;: Experimental methods and techniques , 1970 .

[35]  J. K. Barr.  Spectral emissivity by interferometric spectroscopy , 1969 .

[36]  D. Allara,et al.  Fourier transform infrared emissioin. Spectrum of a molecular monolayer at 300 K , 1981 .

[37]  K. MacKenzie.  Infrared Frequency Calculations for Ideal Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) , 1972 .