Why Climate Change Makes Riparian Restoration More Important than Ever: Recommendations for Practice and Research - eScholarship

Over the next century, climate change will dramatically alter natural resource management. Specifically, historical reference conditions may no longer serve as benchmarks for restoration, which may foster a “why bother?” attitude toward ecological restoration. We review the potential role for riparian restoration to prepare ecological systems for the threats posed by climate change. Riparian ecosystems are naturally resilient, provide linear habitat connectivity, link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and create thermal refugia for wildlife: all characteristics that can contribute to ecological adaptation to climate change. Because riparian systems and the projected impacts of climate change are highly variable geographically, there is a pressing need to develop a place-based understanding of climate change threats to riparian ecosystems. Restoration practitioners should consider how they can modify practices to enhance the resilience of riparian ecosystems to climate change. Such modifications may include accelerating the restoration of private lands, participating in water management decisions, and putting the emerging field of restoration genetics into practice.

[1]  N. Poff,et al.  Ecological response to and management of increased flooding caused by climate change , 2002, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[2]  K. Tockner,et al.  Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends , 2002, Environmental Conservation.

[3]  L. Hansen,et al.  Buying time : a user's manual for building resistance and resilience to climate change in natural systems , 2003 .

[4]  J. Palutikof,et al.  Climate change 2007 : impacts, adaptation and vulnerability , 2001 .

[5]  S. Aitken,et al.  Ecological genetics and seed transfer guidelines for Pinus albicaulis (Pinaceae). , 2008, American journal of botany.

[6]  H. L. Miller,et al.  Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , 2007 .

[7]  S. Solomon,et al.  Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[8]  R. Hobbs,et al.  Ecological Restoration and Global Climate Change , 2006 .

[9]  C. Turley Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , 2010 .

[10]  R. Stouffer,et al.  Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management? , 2008, Science.

[11]  Richard J. Hobbs,et al.  Frontiers inEcology and the Environment Management of novel ecosystems : are novel approaches required ? , 2008 .

[12]  C. A. Howell,et al.  Wildlife Response to Riparian Restoration on the Sacramento River , 2008 .

[13]  R. Dahlgren,et al.  Priming the productivity pump: flood pulse driven trends in suspended algal biomass distribution across a restored floodplain , 2006 .

[14]  Katie A. Barnas,et al.  Synthesizing U.S. River Restoration Efforts , 2005, Science.

[15]  Marc-André Villard,et al.  Use of Riparian Buffer Strips as Movement Corridors by Forest Birds , 1996 .

[16]  P. Alpert,et al.  Riparian Forest Restoration Along Large Rivers: Initial Results from the Sacramento River Project , 1999 .

[17]  A. Merenlender,et al.  Use of Riparian Corridors and Vineyards by Mammalian Predators in Northern California , 2004 .

[18]  M. Flörke,et al.  Future long-term changes in global water resources driven by socio-economic and climatic changes , 2007 .

[19]  R. R. Johnson,et al.  Conservation of riparian ecosystems in the United States , 1988 .

[20]  L. Gunderson Ecological Resilience—In Theory and Application , 2000 .

[21]  Elna S. Bakker,et al.  An Island Called California: An Ecological Introduction to Its Natural Communities , 1971 .

[22]  Francine M. R. Hughes,et al.  Restoring Riparian Ecosystems: The Challenge of Accommodating Variability and Designing Restoration Trajectories , 2005 .

[23]  Marc Bélisle,et al.  Conservation Ecology: Cumulative effects of barriers on the movements of forest birds , 2001 .

[24]  C. Both,et al.  Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird , 2001, Nature.

[25]  J. Faaborg,et al.  AVIAN HABITAT MANAGEMENT MEETS CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION: IF YOU BUILD IT, WILL THEY COME? , 2006 .

[26]  K. Rice,et al.  Managing microevolution: restoration in the face of global change , 2003 .

[27]  G. Meehl,et al.  Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts. , 2000, Science.

[28]  E. Stanley,et al.  Process-Based Ecological River Restoration: Visualizing Three-Dimensional Connectivity and Dynamic Vectors to Recover Lost Linkages , 2006 .

[29]  D. Norton Conservation Biology and Private Land: Shifting the Focus , 2000 .

[30]  M. Palmer,et al.  Frontiers inEcology and the Environment Climate change and the world ’ s river basins : anticipating management options , 2007 .

[31]  E. Zavaleta,et al.  Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations , 2009 .

[32]  Using Economic and Regulatory Incentives to Restore Endangered Species: Lessons Learned from Three New Programs , 2004 .

[33]  S. Mazer,et al.  Plant ecotypes: genetic differentiation in the age of ecological restoration , 2003 .

[34]  S. Schneider,et al.  Emissions pathways, climate change, and impacts on California. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  D. Inouye,et al.  Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage, and floral abundance of montane wildflowers. , 2008, Ecology.

[36]  J. Meave,et al.  Maintenance of rain forest diversity in riparian forests of tropical savannas: implications for species conservation during Pleistocene drought , 1994 .

[37]  D. Lettenmaier,et al.  PREDICTION OF STREAM TEMPERATURE IN FORESTED WATERSHEDS 1 , 2004 .

[38]  R. Seager,et al.  Model Projections of an Imminent Transition to a More Arid Climate in Southwestern North America , 2007, Science.

[39]  Peter B. Moyle,et al.  California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control Can Be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture , 2001 .

[40]  R L Pressey,et al.  Rapid plant diversification: Planning for an evolutionary future , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[41]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems , 2001, Nature.

[42]  T. Wilbanks,et al.  Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 .

[43]  J. Dracup,et al.  The evolution of climate change impact studies on hydrology and water resources in California , 2007 .

[44]  D. Moorhead,et al.  Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate , 2002, Nature.

[45]  Y Summar,et al.  How much water does a river need , 1997 .

[46]  K. Fernow New York , 1896, American Potato Journal.

[47]  Division on Earth Riparian Areas: Functions and Strategies for Management , 2002 .

[48]  R. Brigham,et al.  Concentration of bat activity in riparian habitats over an elevational gradient , 1999 .

[49]  David L. Galat,et al.  Evaluating Success Criteria and Project Monitoring in River Enhancement Within an Adaptive Management Framework , 2008, Environmental management.

[50]  S. Stephens,et al.  Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[51]  R. Naiman,et al.  The Ecology of Interfaces: Riparian Zones , 1997 .

[52]  M. Palmer,et al.  Stream Temperature Surges Under Urbanization and Climate Change: Data, Models, and Responses 1 , 2007 .

[53]  Edward P. Glenn,et al.  Book reviewRiparian Areas, Functions and Strategies for Management: National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2002, 428 pp. , 2003 .

[54]  Peter Z. Fulé,et al.  Does It Make Sense to Restore Wildland Fire in Changing Climate? , 2008 .

[55]  Michael J. Sale,et al.  IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND HEALTH 1 , 1999 .

[56]  A. Boulton,et al.  Rivers as groundwater-dependent ecosystems: a review of degrees of dependency, riverine processes and management implications , 2006 .

[57]  D. Roux,et al.  Bridging the Science-Management Divide: Moving from Unidirectional Knowledge Transfer to Knowledge Interfacing and Sharing , 2006 .

[58]  Wendy B. Trowbridge The role of stochasticity and priority effects in floodplain restoration. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[59]  N. Mandrak,et al.  The influence of air temperature, groundwater discharge, and climate change on the thermal diversity of stream fishes in southern Ontario watersheds , 2008 .

[60]  Christian Langpap Conservation of Endangered Species: Can Incentives Work for Private Landowners? , 2006 .

[61]  M. Wipfli Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. , 1997 .

[62]  G. Golet,et al.  Abundance Patterns of Landbirds in Restored and Remnant Riparian Forests on the Sacramento River, California, U.S.A. , 2006 .

[63]  R. Palmer,et al.  Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[64]  P. Moyle,et al.  Salmon, wildlife, and wine: marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central California. , 2006, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[65]  M. Murakami,et al.  Do seasonally fluctuating aquatic subsidies influence the distribution pattern of birds between riparian and upland forests? , 2007, Ecological Research.

[66]  J. Zedler,et al.  Wetland resources : Status, trends, ecosystem services, and restorability , 2005 .

[67]  David P. Braun,et al.  How much water does a river need , 1997 .

[68]  Corinne Le Quéré,et al.  Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis , 2013 .

[69]  J. Mount,et al.  Restoration of floodplain topography by sand-splay complex formation in response to intentional leve , 2002 .

[70]  C. Parmesan Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming , 2007 .

[71]  Joy B. Zedler,et al.  Causes and Consequences of Invasive Plants in Wetlands: Opportunities, Opportunists, and Outcomes , 2004 .

[72]  J. Viers,et al.  Hydrologic Variability of the Cosumnes River Floodplain , 2006 .

[73]  C. Jeffres,et al.  Ephemeral floodplain habitats provide best growth conditions for juvenile Chinook salmon in a California river , 2008, Environmental Biology of Fishes.

[74]  C. Rosenzweig,et al.  Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change , 2008, Nature.

[75]  T. Barnett,et al.  Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions , 2005, Nature.

[76]  E. Tabacchi,et al.  Impacts of riparian vegetation on hydrological processes , 2000 .

[77]  M. Smulders,et al.  Structure of the genetic diversity in black poplar (Populus nigra L.) populations across European river systems: Consequences for conservation and restoration , 2008 .

[78]  Marion W. Jenkins,et al.  Climate Warming and Water Management Adaptation for California , 2006 .

[79]  R. Naiman,et al.  The Role of Riparian Corridors in Maintaining Regional Biodiversity. , 1993, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[80]  D. Caissie The thermal regime of rivers : a review , 2006 .

[81]  S. Solomon The Physical Science Basis : Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 .

[82]  Katherine J. LaJeunesse Connette,et al.  Conservation Biology , 2009, The Quarterly review of biology.

[83]  R. Hobbs,et al.  Ecological restoration for future sustainability in a changing environment , 2008 .

[84]  M. Holyoak,et al.  Riparian habitat fragmentation and population persistence of the threatened valley elderberry longhorn beetle in central California , 2001 .

[85]  Gregory G White,et al.  Assessing Societal Impacts When Planning Restoration of Large Alluvial Rivers: A Case Study of the Sacramento River Project, California , 2006, Environmental management.

[86]  G. Daily,et al.  The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting Hydrologic Services , 2007 .

[87]  Michael L. Anderson,et al.  Managing Surface Water-Groundwater to Restore Fall Flows in the Cosumnes River , 2004 .

[88]  M. Saier,et al.  Climate Change, 2007 , 2007 .

[89]  Monica G. Turner,et al.  CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN‐ALTERED FLOODS: LEVEES, FLOODS, AND FLOODPLAIN FORESTS ALONG THE WISCONSIN RIVER , 2002 .

[90]  R. Naiman,et al.  Riparian Ecology and Management in the Pacific Coastal Rain Forest , 2000 .