Some basic problems in stress wave dominated fracture

Problems of characterizing the stress wave induced stress field around the crack tip and ensuing crack propagation behavior are described. After stating the assumptions underlying an idealized model of brittle, dynamic fracture we review experimentally observed deviations from such idealized behavior. Such deviations are ascribed to the development of numerous microcracks in the crack tip region. These microcracks determine the crack initiation process, the speed of crack growth and the branching phenomenon. Also we examine critically the contention that there exists a unique relation which links instantaneous crack speed to the instantaneous stress intensity factor in brittle solids. That question highes materially on limitations of current measurement techniques.RésuméOn décrit les problèmes de caractérisation du champ de contrainte induit autour de l'extrémité de l'entaille par une onde de tension et les conséquences qui en résultent sur le comportement à la propagation d'une fissure. Après avoir posé les hypothèses soujacentes à un modèle idéal de rupture fragile et dynamique, on passe en revue les déviations observées par voie expérimentale à partir d'un tel modèle. Ces déviations sont attribuées au développement de nombreuses microfissures dans la région de l'extrémité de la fissure. Ces microfissures déterminent un processus d'amorçage de fissure, une vitesse de croissance de la fissure et un phénomène d'arborescence. On examine également de manière critique l'assertion selon laquelle il existe une relation unique qui relie la vitesse instantaneée de la fissure au facteur d'intensité d'entaille instantané dans des solides fragiles. La solution à cette question est matériellement gènée par des limitations dans les techniques de mesure habituelles.

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