Phase-out of refrigerant R22

[1]  Douglas T. Reindl,et al.  Refrigeration system malfunctions , 1999 .

[2]  P Lundqvist,et al.  Replacement of R22 in existing installations: Experiences from the Swedish phase out , 2001 .

[3]  Philip Henning,et al.  WAYS OF LEARNING , 1998 .

[4]  H. Herring.  Is Energy Efficiency Environmentally Friendly? , 2000 .

[5]  M S. Kim,et al.  Simulation of Isothermal and Adiabatic Leak Processes of Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures , 1995 .

[6]  J. R. Parsnow.  The long-term alternative : R-134a in positive pressure chillers , 1993 .

[7]  R. S. Stainton,et al.  Handbook of systems analysis: H.J. MISER and E.S. QUADE (eds.) Wiley, 1985, xviii + 346 pages, £34.95 , 1986 .

[8]  F. S. Rowland,et al.  Natural halocarbons in air and sea , 1975, Nature.

[9]  M. Baxandall,et al.  Patterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures , 1985 .

[10]  Sanford Klein.  Design Considerations for Refrigeration Cycles , 1992 .

[11]  Mark O. McLinden,et al.  The Search for Alternative Refrigerants -- A Molecular Approach , 1988 .

[12]  I. Amdur,et al.  Kinetic Theory of Gases , 1959 .

[13]  T. Kuhn,et al.  The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , 1963 .

[14]  Adrian Bejan,et al.  ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION: THE METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS , 2000 .

[15]  J. M. Calm,et al.  Trade-offs in refrigerant selections: past, present, and future , 1998 .

[16]  Peter A. Corning,et al.  Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: ‘Thermoeconomics’ and ‘Control information’ , 1998 .

[17]  Lars Strannegrd.  Flexible couplings: combining business goals and environmental concern , 2000 .

[18]  Steven K Fischer,et al.  Total equivalent warming impact: a measure of the global warming impact of CFC alternatives in refrigerating equipment , 1993 .

[19]  R. Helminen,et al.  Developing tangible measures for eco‐efficiency: the case of the Finnish and Swedish pulp and paper industry , 2000 .

[20]  Per Lundqvist,et al.  A method to estimate the circulated composition in refrigeration and heat pump systems using zeotropic refrigerant mixtures , 2001 .

[21]  G. Östberg.  A thought style perspective on making decisions about technology , 2000 .

[22]  D. Lober,et al.  Why do firms set environmental performance goals?: Some evidence from organizational theory , 1999 .

[23]  G. Morrison,et al.  Azeotropy in refrigerant mixtures , 1993 .

[24]  Syed A.M. Said,et al.  Cost-based decision making framework for CFC conversion strategy , 1999 .

[25]  C. West Churchman,et al.  The Systems Approach , 1979 .

[26]  A. Mcculloch.  CFC and Halon replacements in the environment , 1999 .

[27]  Piotr A. Domanski,et al.  A Simplified Cycle Simulation Model for the Performance Rating of Refrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures , 1992 .

[28]  Ty A. Newell,et al.  In Situ Refractometry for Concentration Measurements in Refrigeration Systems , 1996 .

[29]  J. M. Calm.  Options and Outlook for Chiller Refrigerants , 2002 .

[30]  D. A. Didion,et al.  Horizontal-flow boiling heat transfer using refrigerant mixtures: Final report , 1989 .

[31]  N. Hewitt,et al.  The replacement of CFCS in refrigeration equipment by environmentally benign alternatives , 1997 .

[32]  R. Radermacher,et al.  Horizontal flow boiling heat transfer experiments with a mixture of R22/R114 , 1989 .

[33]  C. Gabrielii,et al.  Changes in optimal distribution of heat exchanger area between the evaporator and suction gas heat exchanger when replacing r22 with r407c , 1998 .

[34]  J. Thome.  Comprehensive Thermodynamic Approach to Modelling Refrigerant–Lubricating Oil Mixtures , 1995 .

[35]  Rolf Wolff,et al.  Competing with ‘soft’ issues – from managing the environment to sustainable business strategies , 2000 .

[36]  S. Madronich,et al.  Changes in tropospheric composition and air quality. , 1998, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[37]  J. M. Calm.  EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM CHILLERS , 1999 .

[38]  David Didion,et al.  ROLE OF REFRIGERANT MIXTURES AS ALTERNATIVES TO CFCS. , 1990 .

[39]  J. Fenhann.  Industrial Non-Energy, Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions , 2000 .

[40]  Alberto Cavallini,et al.  Working fluids for mechanical refrigeration — Invited paper presented at the 19th International Congress of Refrigeration, The Hague, August 1995 , 1996 .

[41]  Fluorocarbons and global warming , 1998 .

[42]  Luke E. K. Achenie,et al.  On the design of environmentally benign refrigerant mixtures : a mathematical programming approach , 1997 .

[43]  James M. Calm,et al.  Emissions and environmental impacts from air-conditioning and refrigeration systems , 2002 .

[44]  Ty A. Newell,et al.  Automated optical liquid film thickness measurement method , 1998 .

[45]  Dave Sajjan,et al.  Condensation of Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures in Shell-and-Tube Condensers , 1999 .

[46]  Jiufa Chen,et al.  Calculating Circulation Concentration of Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures , 1995 .

[47]  R. Radermacher,et al.  A study of flow boiling heat transfer with refrigerant mixtures , 1989 .

[48]  Ciro Aprea,et al.  An Experimental evaluation of the greenhouse effect in R22 substitution , 1998 .

[49]  S. Corr,et al.  Composition shifts of zeotropic HFC refrigerants in service , 1994 .

[50]  P. Domanski.  Refrigerants for the 21st Century. ASHRAE/NIST. Refrigerants Conference. Gaithersburg MD, October 6-7, 1997. (Conference Report) , 1998 .

[51]  A. Mcculloch.  Future consumption and emissions of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) alternatives to CFCs: Comparison of estimates using top-down and bottom-up approaches , 1995 .

[52]  Emiel Wubben.  What's in it for us? Or: the impact of environmental legislation on competitiveness , 1999 .

[53]  S. Klein,et al.  An extended corresponding states model for the thermal conductivity of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures , 2000 .

[54]  Frank P. Incropera,et al.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 1981 .

[55]  Boiling mechanism in a small compact brazed plate heat exchanger (CBE) determined by using thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) , 1999 .

[56]  C. Madan.  R-134a: The best alternative for chillers , 1993 .

[57]  Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam,et al.  Effect of mixture composition on the formation of pinch points in condensers and evaporators for zeotropic refrigerant mixtures , 1999 .

[58]  J. Newman.  New Directions: Uncovering the illegal trade in CFC's and halons☆ , 2000 .

[59]  N. C. Dejong,et al.  An Entropy-Based, Air-Side Heat Exchanger Performance Evaluation Method: Application to a Condenser , 1997 .

[60]  J. Thome.  Boiling of new refrigerants: a state-of-the-art review , 1996 .

[61]  Frances Drake,et al.  Global atmospheric change and the UK refrigeration industry: redefining problems and contesting solutions , 2001 .

[62]  Ludwig Boltzmann,et al.  Lectures on Gas Theory , 1964 .

[63]  Eric W. Lemmon,et al.  Thermodynamic properties for the alternative refrigerants , 1998 .

[64]  P. Dobers.  Strategies for environmental control: A comparison between regulation and centralized control in Germany and reforms leading to decentralized control in Sweden , 1997 .

[65]  J. M. Calm,et al.  Refrigerant Data Summary , 2001 .

[66]  D. Bivens,et al.  Fluoroethers and other next generation fluids , 1998 .

[67]  Peter Grabosky,et al.  Harnessing third parties as surrogate regulators: achieving environmental outcomes by alternative means , 1999 .

[68]  M. Molina,et al.  Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atomc-atalysed destruction of ozone , 1974, Nature.

[69]  P. Midgley,et al.  Estimated national releases to the atmosphere of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) during 1990 , 1997 .

[70]  P. Midgley,et al.  Estimated historic emissions of fluorocarbons from the European Union , 1998 .

[71]  Peter Checkland,et al.  Systems Thinking, Systems Practice , 1981 .

[72]  M S. Kim,et al.  Simulation of a Leak/Recharge Process of Refrigerant Mixtures , 1995 .

[73]  F. Král,et al.  Method of determination of the effective capacity of refrigeration and A/C units of variable speeds , 2000 .

[74]  M. J. Moran,et al.  Thermal design and optimization , 1995 .

[75]  Evert Vedung,et al.  Ozonhålet globalt, nationellt, lokalt (The Ozone Hole: Global, National and Local Aspects) , 2002 .

[76]  John W. Mitchell,et al.  Dedicated mechanical subcooling design strategies for supermarket applications , 1994 .

[77]  Jangho Lee,et al.  Impact of air and refrigerant maldistributions on the performance of finned-tube evaporators with R-22 and R-407C. Final Report , 1997 .

[78]  H. Kruse,et al.  Concentration Shift Simulation for the Mixed Refrigerants R-404A, R-32/134a, and R-407C in an Air Conditioning System , 1997 .

[79]  P. Domanski,et al.  Glide matching with binary and ternary zeotropic refrigerant mixtures Part 1. An experimental study , 1994 .

[80]  D. Didion.  The Influence of the Thermophysical Fluid Properties of the New Ozone-Safe Refrigerants on Performance , 1999 .

[81]  J. Thome,et al.  Convective Boiling and Condensation , 1972 .

[82]  Thore Berntsson,et al.  Critical COP for an economically feasible industrial heat-pump application , 1997 .

[83]  Piotr A. Domanski,et al.  Theoretical Evaluation of the Vapor Compression Cycle With a Liquid-Line/Suction-Line Heat Exchanger, Economizer, and Ejector (NISTIR 5606) , 1995 .

[84]  Thore Berntsson,et al.  The compression/absorption cycle - influence of some major parameters on COP and a comparison with the compression cycle , 1999 .

[85]  Piotr A. Domanski,et al.  Glide matching with binary and ternary zeotropic refrigerant mixtures Part 2. A computer simulation , 1994 .

[86]  D. A. Didion.  The impact of ozone-safe refrigerants on refrigeration machinery performance and operation , 1994 .

[87]  William E. Grant,et al.  Ecology and Natural Resource Management: Systems Analysis and Simulation , 1997 .

[88]  Ciro Aprea,et al.  Experimental evaluation of R22 and R407C evaporative heat transfer coefficients in a vapour compression plant , 2000 .

[89]  S. J. Kline,et al.  Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part I: ‘To be or entropy’ , 1998 .

[90]  D. Didion,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Two Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures of HFC-134a With R-290 (Propane) and R-600a (Isobutane) , 1994 .

[91]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  General System Theory , 1962 .

[92]  Franco Ragazzi,et al.  Thermodynamic optimization of evaporators with zeotropic refrigerant mixtures , 1995 .

[93]  Tomas Kåberger,et al.  Aspects of Energy Resource Management , 1999 .

[94]  Cecilia Gabrielii,et al.  Changes in optimal design of a dry-expansion evaporator when replacing R22 with R407C , 1998 .

[95]  Francis Girodroux,et al.  Determination of the critical flammability ratio (CFR) of refrigerant blends , 2000 .

[96]  G. Watson,et al.  Computer simulation , 1988 .

[97]  J. T. McMullan,et al.  Refrigeration and the environment — issues and strategies for the future , 2002 .

[98]  Lars Ingelstam,et al.  System : att tänka över samhälle och teknik , 2002 .

[99]  T J Wallington,et al.  The Environmental Impact of CFC Replacements HFCs and HCFCs. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[100]  F List,et al.  Department of Energy Technology. , 1988 .

[101]  D. R. Tree,et al.  A cost-based method for comparing alternative refrigerants applied to R-22 systems , 1999 .

[102]  K. Stephan.  Two-phase heat exchange for new refrigerants and their mixtures , 1995 .