NUTRITIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR ELITE ATHLETES

We performed dietary guidances for 15 male elite athletes (23•}3 years of age) participating a training program for vigorous endurance run. Nutrient allowances for the athletes were determined by the guidelines of Japanese Dietary Allowances ( 5 th ed.) , considering their physical activities at the highest level IV ; total energy 3,500 kcal, protein 140 g, lipid 100 g, carbohydrate 510 g, calcium 1,500 mg, iron 25 mg, vitamin A 8,000 IU, thiamine 4.0 mg, riboflabin 5.0 mg and vitamin C 200 mg per day. We also developed food group allowances for the athletes based on their nutrient allowances and current young-aged Japanese dietary styles ; cereals 400 g, potatoes and starches 60 g, sugars 20 g fats and oils 30g, pulses 120g, meats 150g, fishes and shellfishes 150g, eggs 80g, milks 600g, green and yellow vegetables 300 g, the other vegetables 350 g, fruits 400 g and algae 20 g per day. For the experimental period of 45 days, daily diets adjusted to approximate 120% of the dietary allowances were served to the athletes who were free taking snacks and drinks. Dietary guidances for the athletes were assessed by monitors of their dietary intakes, physical constitution and clinical examinations in blood. Means of the dietary intakes of the athletes were 96 99% of the dietary allowances, determined by a nutritional survey with the 24 hrs recall method. There were less changes in the physical constitution of the athletes before, during and after the experimental period; body weight 57•}2 kg and body fat 8.8 •} 2.4%. Values of the clinical marks in the blood of the athletes were maintained normally for a half year including the experimental period ; red blood cells 507•}9 ƒ ́ 104 cells/mm3 , hemoglobin 15•}0.4g/dl and hematocrit 46.6•}0.7%. It is concluded that suitable nutritional guidances and managements for young-aged male vigorous endurance runners lead good in their health and physical maintenances, which may have important consequences for their physical development as elite athletes. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 1997, 46:383•`388) key words : athletes, dietary allowances, surved diet, intakes I.••Œ3⁄4 めの食生活指針(対 象特性別)」 に対応 して,平 成 元年に厚生省は運動所要量を策定 し,「健康づ く りのための運動指針」 を提示 している1,2).栄 養 と運動は健康づ くりの車の両輪をなす との考えに *佐 賀大学文化教 育学 部地域 ・生活文化講座 〒840佐 賀市 本庄町1番 地 **徳島大学医学部栄養学科実践 栄養学講座 〒770徳 島市蔵本町3-18-15 ***(株)大塚製薬工場 陸上競技 部 〒772鳴 門市撫養町立岩字芥原115 ****日 本女子体育大学スポー ツ栄養学研 究室 〒157東 京都世 田谷区北烏山8-19-1 *****徳 島大学医学部医事課栄養管理室 〒770徳 島市蔵本町2-50-1 Faculty of Culture and Education, Saga University, Saga, 840, Japan. Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770, Japan. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Naruto City, Tokushima, 772, Japan. Department of Sports Nutrition, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo, 157, Japan. Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, 770, Japan. 384 水 沼,菊 石,坂 井,山 本,山 上,木 路,河 野,川 野,高 橋 よるものである.し か し,ス ポーツ指導の現場 に おいては,栄 養(食生活)と 運動の分野はそれぞれ 分離 してお り,ト レーニングとの関わり合いで, 日常の栄養状態 を把握 した研究はわずかしかな い3・4).そこで,今 回,実 業団 ・陸上競技部の中 ・ 長距離走選手の栄養指針の作成 を試みた.す なわ ち,中 ・長距離走選手の給与栄養素量,食 品構成 及び,献 立 を作成 し,給 与及び実給与栄養素量を 算出した.さ らに,実 際の選手による摂取量およ び調査期間中の消費エネルギーを調査 し,栄 養診 断をする方法で一連の栄養指導を行った.