Appendix S1. Review of existing ecological typologies

David A. Keith, Jose R. Ferrer-Paris, Emily Nicholson, Melanie J. Bishop, Beth A. Polidoro, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Mark G. Tozer, Jeanne L. Nel, Ralph Mac Nally, Edward J. Gregr, Kate E. Watermeyer, Franz Essl, Don Faber-Langendoen, Janet Franklin, Caroline E. R. Lehmann, Andres Etter, Dirk J. Roux, Jonathan S. Stark, Jessica A. Rowland, Neil A. Brummitt, Ulla C. FernandezArcaya, Iain M. Suthers, Susan K. Wiser, Ian Donohue, Leland J. Jackson, R. Toby Pennington, Thomas M. Iliffe, Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Paul Giller, Belinda J. Robson, Nathalie Pettorelli, Angela Andrade, Arild Lindgaard, Teemu Tahvanainen, Aleks Terauds, Michael A Chadwick, Nicholas J. Murray, Justin Moat, Patricio Pliscoff, Irene Zager, Richard T. Kingsford

[1]  M. Jung,et al.  A global map of terrestrial habitat types , 2020, Scientific Data.

[2]  D. Wright,et al.  An assessment of the representation of ecosystems in global protected areas using new maps of World Climate Regions and World Ecosystems , 2020, Global Ecology and Conservation.

[3]  Erle C. Ellis,et al.  Middle-range theories of land system change , 2018, Global Environmental Change.

[4]  Mark John Costello,et al.  Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity , 2017, Nature Communications.

[5]  Neil D. Burgess,et al.  An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm , 2017, Bioscience.

[6]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Ocean Based on Environmental Data , 2017 .

[7]  Glenn R. Moncrieff,et al.  Defining functional biomes and monitoring their change globally , 2016, Global change biology.

[8]  Steffen Fritz,et al.  Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies , 2016, Global change biology.

[9]  Don Faber-Langendoen,et al.  EcoVeg: a new approach to vegetation description and classification , 2014 .

[10]  Peter T. Harris,et al.  Geomorphology of the oceans , 2014 .

[11]  Gabriel Reygondeau,et al.  Dynamic biogeochemical provinces in the global ocean , 2013 .

[12]  Anette Reenberg,et al.  A conceptual framework for analysing and measuring land-use intensity☆ , 2013, Current opinion in environmental sustainability.

[13]  G. Allen,et al.  Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation , 2008 .

[14]  Helmut Haberl,et al.  A comprehensive global 5 min resolution land-use data set for the year 2000 consistent with national census data , 2007 .

[15]  Jennifer L. Molnar,et al.  Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas , 2007 .

[16]  F. Woodward,et al.  Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes. , 2004, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[17]  G. Powell,et al.  Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth , 2001 .

[18]  A. Longhurst Ecological Geography of the Sea , 1998 .

[19]  Elgene O. Box,et al.  Plant functional types and climate at the global scale , 1996 .

[20]  T. Jones,et al.  Classification and inventory of wetlands: A global overview , 1995, Vegetatio.

[21]  K. Sherman,et al.  The Large Marine Ecosystem Concept: Research and Management Strategy for Living Marine Resources. , 1991, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[22]  H. Heessen Variability and management of large marine ecosystems , 1989 .

[23]  A. Kuchler Vegetation of the Earth , 1980 .

[24]  E. Box,et al.  Global classification of natural terrestrial ecosystems , 1976, Vegetatio.

[25]  T. C. Whitmore,et al.  International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources , 1970, Nature.

[26]  I. Hiscock Communities and Ecosystems , 1970, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[27]  L. Holdridge Determination of World Plant Formations From Simple Climatic Data. , 1947, Science.

[28]  Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes , 2020 .

[29]  Jack Dangermond,et al.  A New Map of Global Ecological Land Units - An Ecophysiographic Stratification Approach , 2014 .

[30]  Nadra Nathai-Gyan,et al.  Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) , 2008 .