Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus: two roles for context.

The authors studied the role of context in reinstatement. Freezing was reinstated when the conditioned stimulus (CS) was extinguished in 1 context and rats moved to another context for reexposure to the shock unconditioned stimulus (US) and test. It was also reinstated (rather than renewed) when rats were shocked in the extinction context and moved to another context for test. This reinstatement was CS specific and reduced by nonreinforced exposures to the extinction context. Rats shocked in the context in which a stimulus had been preexposed froze when tested in another context. These findings suggest 2 roles for context in reinstatement: conditioning of the test context (M. E. Bouton, 1993) and mediated conditioning by the extinction context (P. C. Holland, 1990).

[1]  B. Babkin.  Conditioned Reflexes; an Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. , 1929 .

[2]  J. Konorski.  Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization. , 1948 .

[3]  R. Rescorla.  A theory of pavlovian conditioning: The effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement , 1972 .

[4]  W. F. Prokasy,et al.  Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory. , 1972 .

[5]  R. Rescorla,et al.  Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus. , 1975, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[6]  R. Rescorla,et al.  The erasure of reinstated fear , 1977 .

[7]  R. Rescorla,et al.  Within-compound flavor associations. , 1978, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[8]  R. Bolles,et al.  Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear , 1979 .

[9]  R. Bolles,et al.  Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear. , 1979, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[10]  M. Fanselow,et al.  Conditional and unconditional components of post-shock freezing , 1980, The Pavlovian journal of biological science.

[11]  W. F. Hill,et al.  Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation: A Memorial Volume to Jerzy Konorski , 1980 .

[12]  Peter C. Holland,et al.  Acquisition of Representation-Mediated Conditioned Food Aversions. , 1981 .

[13]  Peter C. Holland,et al.  Representation-mediated extinction of conditioned flavor aversions , 1982 .

[14]  D. A. King,et al.  Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: tests for the associative value of the context. , 1983, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[15]  R. Rescorla.  Associations between Pavlovian CSs and context , 1984 .

[16]  P. DeVito.  Conditioned Inhibition and Extinction , 1984 .

[17]  Mark E. Bouton,et al.  Context effects on conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement in an appetitive conditioning preparation , 1989 .

[18]  A. R. Wagner,et al.  Evolution of a structured connectionist model of Pavlovian conditioning (AESOP). , 1989 .

[19]  S. Klein,et al.  Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory , 1991 .

[20]  P. Holland.  Event representation in Pavlovian conditioning: Image and action , 1990, Cognition.

[21]  M. Bouton,et al.  Effects of Contextual Conditioning and Unconditional Stimulus Presentation on Performance in Appetitive Conditioning , 1993, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology.

[22]  M. Bouton.  Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. , 1993, Psychological bulletin.

[23]  M. Bouton,et al.  Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context , 1994 .

[24]  Geoffrey Hall,et al.  Learning about associatively activated stimulus representations: Implications for acquired equivalence and perceptual learning , 1996 .

[25]  Geoffrey Hall,et al.  Backward Sensory Preconditioning , 1996 .

[26]  A. Delamater.  Selective reinstatement of stimulus-outcome associations , 1997 .

[27]  N. Mackintosh,et al.  Simultaneous activation of the representations of absent cues results in the formation of an excitatory association between them. , 1998 .

[28]  S. Klein,et al.  Handbook of contemporary learning theories , 2000 .

[29]  Justin A. Harris,et al.  Contextual control over conditioned responding in an extinction paradigm. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.

[30]  R. F. Westbrook,et al.  Contextual control over conditioned responding in a latent inhibition paradigm. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes.