Brachyspira spp. and avian intestinal spirochaetosis: an epidemiological review

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is primarily a disease of layer and broiler breeder chickens exhibited by delayed and/or reduced egg production, increased mortality, weight loss, and chronic diarrhoea. This disease is of concern to the egg industry because of the economic impact of reduced production and down grading of eggs due to faecal-stained shells. Avian intestinal spirochaetosis is caused by pathogenic Brachyspira spp. This review summarises the species of Brachyspira that have been associated with AIS and provides an overview of epidemiological studies that have investigated prevalence, risk factors, and preventive measures for Brachyspira spp.

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