Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban surface dust of Guangzhou, China: Status, sources and human health risk assessment.

Ninety-six urban surface dust samples collected from Guangzhou, a typical urban center in South China, were analyzed for 16 PAHs (2-6 rings). ∑PAHs concentrations in the urban surface dust ranged from 0.84 to 12.3μg/g with a mean of 4.80μg/g. High molecular weight compounds (4-6 rings) contributed to 62 to 94% of ∑PAHs mass in the surface dust samples. Four hotspots with highest ∑PAHs were identified via kriging prediction mapping, representing the highly-urbanized regions: central downtown, highway and industrial area. Two major origins of PAHs inputs to urban surface dust were identified as vehicle emissions (51.9%) and coal combustion (26.8%). The 95% UCL of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) due to human exposure to urban surface dust PAHs in central South China was 3.03×10(-6) for children and 2.92×10(-6) for adults.

[1]  P. Peng,et al.  Distribution of particulate- and vapor-phase n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China , 2003 .

[2]  Shiyuan Xu,et al.  Characterization, identification of road dust PAHs in central Shanghai areas, China , 2007 .

[3]  Jitae Kim,et al.  Assessment of carcinogenic risk due to inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM10 from an industrial city: a Korean case-study. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[4]  D. Martuzevicius,et al.  Resuspension of particulate matter and PAHs from street dust , 2011 .

[5]  T. Wade,et al.  Concentrations and source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine needles from Korea, Mexico, and United States , 2003 .

[6]  Jiping Zhu,et al.  Mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards of settled house dust. I: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content and excess lifetime cancer risk from preschool exposure. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[7]  D. Meza-Figueroa,et al.  Heavy metal distribution in dust from elementary schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, México , 2007 .

[8]  S. Friedlander,et al.  Source resolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Los Angeles atmosphere: application of a chemical species balance method with first order chemical decay. Final report Jan-Dec 80 , 1981 .

[9]  R. K. Larsen,et al.  Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[10]  M. Hassanien,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road dust over Greater Cairo, Egypt. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  Yang Bai,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing: status, sources, distribution and potential risk. , 2011, Environmental pollution.

[12]  M. Wong,et al.  Distributions and concentrations of PAHs in Hong Kong soils. , 2006, Environmental pollution.

[13]  E. De Miguel,et al.  Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment , 2005 .

[14]  Ming-hong Wu,et al.  Levels, composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Shanghai, China. , 2009, Chemosphere.

[15]  E. Szabová,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and occupational risk factor , 2008 .

[16]  V. Shridhar,et al.  Pattern, sources and toxic potential of PAHs in the agricultural soils of Delhi, India. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[17]  N. M. Tahir,et al.  Concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric particles (PM-10) and roadside soil particles collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia , 2002 .

[18]  K C Cheung,et al.  Pollutants in Hong Kong soils: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[19]  Shihua Qi,et al.  Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal region off Macao, China: assessment of input sources and transport pathways using compositional analysis. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  A. Mostafa,et al.  Source characterization and the environmental impact of urban street dusts from Egypt based on hydrocarbon distributions , 2009 .

[21]  Shiyuan Xu,et al.  A comparative study of health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban and suburban road dust in the most populated city of China , 2011 .

[22]  E. Canuel,et al.  AUTOMOTIVE SOURCES OF CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION , 2000 .

[23]  Byeong-Kyu Lee,et al.  Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea. , 2009, Chemosphere.

[24]  J. C. Colombo,et al.  Sources, vertical fluxes, and equivalent toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[25]  I. Nisbet,et al.  Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). , 1992, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[26]  R. Macdonald,et al.  PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition , 2002 .

[27]  S. Qi,et al.  Source seasonality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China. , 2006, The Science of the total environment.

[28]  P. Fu,et al.  Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[29]  Z. Bai,et al.  Characterization of PM(10) fraction of road dust for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Anshan, China. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[30]  H. Takada,et al.  Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[31]  G. Wattayakorn,et al.  Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust in a tropical Asian mega-city, Bangkok, Thailand. , 2007, The Science of the total environment.

[32]  Chung-Min Liao,et al.  Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources. , 2006, The Science of the total environment.