Modeling Water and Heat Balance of the Boreal Landscape—Comparison of Forest and Arable Land in Scandinavia

The water and heat balances of an arable field and a forest in the boreal zone in Scandinavia were explored using 3 yr of observations and simulations with two different soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models over a 30-yr period. Results from a detailed mechanistic model [coupled heat and mass transfer model (COUP)] were compared with those obtained with a large-scale type of SVAT model used in the weather prediction model at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts [ECMWF tiled land surface scheme (TESSEL)]. The COUP model simulations agreed well with the observations from a seasonal perspective. The TESSEL model differed significantly from the measurements when standard operational parameter values were used. The

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