A Multi-Differential Neuromorphic Approach to Motion Detection

This paper presents a multi-differential neuromorphic approach to motion detection. The model is based evidence for a differential operators interpretation of the properties of the cortical motion pathway. We discuss how this strategy, which provides a robust measure of speed for a range of types of image motion using a single computational mechanism, forms a useful framework in which to develop future neuromorphic motion systems. We also discuss both our approaches to developing computational motion models, and constraints in the design strategy for transferring motion models to other domains of early visual processing.

[1]  R. F. Hess,et al.  Temporal properties of human visual filters: number, shapes and spatial covariation , 1992, Vision Research.

[2]  D J Heeger,et al.  Model for the extraction of image flow. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[3]  T. Wiesel,et al.  Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex , 1977 .

[4]  Tobi Delbrück,et al.  Silicon retina with correlation-based, velocity-tuned pixels , 1993, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[5]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision , 1981, IJCAI.

[6]  S. McKee,et al.  Precise velocity discrimination despite random variations in temporal frequency and contrast , 1986, Vision Research.

[7]  I. Ohzawa,et al.  Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. , 1990, Science.

[8]  N. Franceschini,et al.  From insect vision to robot vision , 1992 .

[9]  D. Hubel,et al.  Ferrier lecture - Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex , 1977, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[10]  Carver Mead,et al.  Analog VLSI and neural systems , 1989 .

[11]  A. Johnston,et al.  A unified account of three apparent motion illusions , 1995, Vision Research.

[12]  E. Adelson,et al.  Directionally selective complex cells and the computation of motion energy in cat visual cortex , 1992, Vision Research.

[13]  A. Johnston,et al.  Perceived motion of contrast-modulated gratings: Predictions of the multi-channel gradient model and the role of full-wave rectification , 1995, Vision Research.

[14]  H. J. Paton History of Western Philosophy and its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day , 1948 .

[15]  G. Sperling,et al.  Drift-balanced random stimuli: a general basis for studying non-Fourier motion perception. , 1988, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[16]  Bertrand Russell,et al.  A History of Western Philosophy. And Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day , 1947 .

[17]  Peter W. McOwan,et al.  Robust velocity computation from a biologically motivated model of motion perception , 1999, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[18]  A J Ahumada,et al.  Model of human visual-motion sensing. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[19]  A. Johnston,et al.  A second-order pattern reveals separate strategies for encoding Orientation in two-dimensional space and space-time , 1996, Vision Research.

[20]  P. McOwan,et al.  A computational model of the analysis of some first-order and second-order motion patterns by simple and complex cells , 1992, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[21]  T. Delbruck Silicon retina with correlation-based, velocity-tuned pixels , 1993 .

[22]  Marc Tremblay,et al.  A Focal Plane Architecture for Motion Computation , 1996, Real Time Imaging.

[23]  M. Landy,et al.  The Plenoptic Function and the Elements of Early Vision , 1991 .