Fully phase encryption using digital holography

We demonstrate a fully phase encryption system that uses digital holography. The input amplitude image to be encrypted is phase encoded, and either its Fourier or Fresnel transform is obtained. Using interference with a wave from a random phase mask, a Fourier or Fresnel hologram (encrypted data) is recorded digitally. The decryption key is also recorded as a digital hologram, called the key hologram. An electronic key is generated and multiplied with the encrypted hologram. A Fourier transform (encrypted image) is then obtained. The decryption key hologram, the electronic key, and the encrypted image can be transmitted through communication channels. The retrieval is carried out by all-digital means.

[1]  Giancarlo Pedrini,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of two-dimensional dynamic deformations using digital holography , 1997 .

[2]  E. Cuche,et al.  Spatial filtering for zero-order and twin-image elimination in digital off-axis holography. , 2000, Applied optics.

[3]  B Javidi,et al.  Securing information by use of digital holography. , 2000, Optics letters.

[4]  P C Mogensen,et al.  Phase-only optical decryption of a fixed mask. , 2001, Applied optics.

[5]  Osamu Matoba,et al.  Real-time three-dimensional object reconstruction by use of a phase-encoded digital hologram. , 2002, Applied optics.

[6]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Optical phase encryption by phase contrast using electrically addressed spatial light modulator , 2003 .

[7]  U. Schnars,et al.  Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction. , 1994, Applied optics.

[8]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Watermarking of three-dimensional objects by digital holography. , 2003, Optics letters.

[9]  E. Cuche,et al.  Digital holography for quantitative phase-contrast imaging. , 1999, Optics letters.

[10]  B. Javidi,et al.  Encrypting three-dimensional information with digital holography. , 2000, Applied optics.

[11]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  3D object watermarking by a 3D hidden object. , 2003, Optics express.

[12]  Thierry Blu,et al.  Fresnelets: new multiresolution wavelet bases for digital holography , 2003, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[13]  B Javidi,et al.  Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. , 1995, Optics letters.

[14]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Fully phase encrypted image processor , 1999 .

[15]  B Javidi,et al.  Secure optical storage that uses fully phase encryption. , 2000, Applied optics.

[16]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  Space–bandwidth product of optical signals and systems , 1996 .

[17]  E. Cuche,et al.  Simultaneous amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by numerical reconstruction of Fresnel off-axis holograms. , 1999, Applied optics.

[18]  B Javidi,et al.  Error-reduction techniques and error analysis for fully phase- and amplitude-based encryption. , 2000, Applied optics.

[19]  B Javidi,et al.  Optoelectronic information encryption with phase-shifting interferometry. , 2000, Applied optics.

[20]  Mark A. Neifeld,et al.  Digital wavefront reconstruction and its application to image encryption , 2000 .

[21]  Ricardo Arizaga,et al.  Fully digital encryption technique , 2003 .