Critical Bus Constrained Optimal PMU Allocation with Zero Injection Modeling for Complete Observability

Objectives: This paper presents a critical bus constrained optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) modeling for complete observability of the system. Identification of critical or weak buses with more branches incident on it are considered to determine accurate states of the system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Allocation of PMUs at every bus in a network is infeasible, which leads to excessive cost. So to minimize number of PMUs and to locate them at critical buses in priority, a new critical bus constrained binary integer programming (BIP) method is proposed.ZIB constraints are modeled to further minimize the PMUs. Findings: Optimal allocation of PMUs in case of single line outage is considered with ZIB modeling. Critical buses with ZIB modeling and without ZIB modeling are compared to show the importance of ZIB modeling. Application/Improvements: MATLAB simulations carried out on IEEE 14-, 24-, 30- and 57-bus test systems and results are compared and presented.