A highly sensitive disposable immunosensor through direct electro-reduction of oxygen catalyzed by palladium nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotube label.

A palladium nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotube was designed as a label for preparation of a highly sensitive disposable immunosensor. The immunosensor was constructed by assembling the capture antibody on gold nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets modified screen printed carbon working electrode. With a sandwich immunoassay mode, the palladium nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes were captured to the immunocomplex and showed strong electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction. The use of carbon nanotube carrier offered a high amount of palladium nanoparticles on each immunoconjugate, hence amplified the detectable signal from the electro-reaction of dissolved oxygen. The graphene nanosheets and gold nanoparticles improved the electronic conductivity and the hydrophilicity of electrode surface for immobilization of the capture antibody, respectively. Under optimal conditions, a linear detection range from 50 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 44 pg/mL (0.3 pM) were achieved for human IgG. Using dissolved oxygen as a signal reporter, the detection process avoided deoxygenation. The immunosensor showed acceptable stability, precision and accuracy, indicating potential applications in clinical diagnostics.

[1]  Michael S Wilson,et al.  Electrochemical immunosensors for the simultaneous detection of two tumor markers. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[2]  Joseph D. Gong,et al.  Carbon nanotube amplification strategies for highly sensitive immunodetection of cancer biomarkers. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[3]  Haesik Yang,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensing using magnetic beads and gold nanocatalysts. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[4]  Arben Merkoçi,et al.  Double-codified gold nanolabels for enhanced immunoanalysis. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Erkang Wang,et al.  Self-assembly of cationic polyelectrolyte-functionalized graphene nanosheets and gold nanoparticles: a two-dimensional heterostructure for hydrogen peroxide sensing. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[6]  Dianping Tang,et al.  In situ amplified electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen using horseradish peroxidase-encapsulated nanogold hollow microspheres as labels. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  Olle Nilsson,et al.  Amperometric immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen in colon cancer samples based on monolayers of dendritic bipodal scaffolds. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[8]  Sai Bi,et al.  Multilayers enzyme-coated carbon nanotubes as biolabel for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay of cancer biomarker. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[9]  Chien Chou,et al.  Diagnostic detection of human lung cancer-associated antigen using a gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensor. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[10]  Hui Zhang,et al.  Nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose based on palladium-single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructures. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  Shusheng Zhang,et al.  Electrochemical enzyme immunoassay using model labels , 2008 .

[12]  C. R. Raj,et al.  Electrocatalytic performance of carbon nanotube-supported palladium particles in the oxidation of formic acid and the reduction of oxygen , 2010 .

[13]  Jing Zhang,et al.  Carbon nanohorn sensitized electrochemical immunosensor for rapid detection of microcystin-LR. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  Feng Yan,et al.  A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for flow injection immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[15]  X. Xia,et al.  A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. , 2009, ACS nano.

[16]  Feng Yan,et al.  Gold nanoparticle as an electrochemical label for inherently crosstalk-free multiplexed immunoassay on a disposable chip. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[17]  Ruo Yuan,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for clinical immunoassay using thionine-doped magnetic gold nanospheres as labels and horseradish peroxidase as enhancer. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  B. Limoges,et al.  An electrochemical metalloimmunoassay based on a colloidal gold label. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  G. Shen,et al.  DNA encapsulating liposome based rolling circle amplification immunoassay as a versatile platform for ultrasensitive detection of protein. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  Wenjun Yang,et al.  Nanoencapsulated microcrystalline particles for superamplified biochemical assays. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  Feng Yan,et al.  Dual signal amplification of glucose oxidase-functionalized nanocomposites as a trace label for ultrasensitive simultaneous multiplexed electrochemical detection of tumor markers. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  Munetaka Oyama,et al.  Nonenzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose by using palladium nanoparticles supported on functional carbon nanotubes. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  Jun Liu,et al.  Sensitive immunosensor for cancer biomarker based on dual signal amplification strategy of graphene sheets and multienzyme functionalized carbon nanospheres. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[24]  Juan Tang,et al.  Graphene and Nanogold-Functionalized Immunosensing Interface with Enhanced Sensitivity for One-Step Electrochemical Immunoassay of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Human Serum , 2010 .

[25]  B. Haghighi,et al.  Sensitive and selective determination of hydrazine using glassy carbon electrode modified with Pd nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes , 2010, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[26]  D. Wheeler,et al.  Reagentless electrochemical immunoassay using electrocatalytic nanoparticle-modified antibodies. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[27]  A. Yu,et al.  Mesoporous silica templated biolabels with releasable fluorophores for immunoassays. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  Jun-Jie Zhu,et al.  Horseradish peroxidase-functionalized gold nanoparticle label for amplified immunoanalysis based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes hybrids modified biosensor. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[29]  M. Maye,et al.  Heating-Induced Evolution of Thiolate-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles: A Strategy for Size and Shape Manipulations , 2000 .

[30]  N. Hu,et al.  Assembly of electroactive layer-by-layer films of hemoglobin and polycationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium). , 2002, Biomacromolecules.

[31]  Guo-Li Shen,et al.  Successively amplified electrochemical immunoassay based on biocatalytic deposition of silver nanoparticles and silver enhancement. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  Jie Zhang,et al.  The solid-state Ag/AgCl process as a highly sensitive detection mechanism for an electrochemical immunosensor. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[33]  Jinbin Liu,et al.  Toward a universal "adhesive nanosheet" for the assembly of multiple nanoparticles based on a protein-induced reduction/decoration of graphene oxide. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  H. Ju,et al.  Cascade signal amplification strategy for subattomolar protein detection by rolling circle amplification and quantum dots tagging. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  Jae Wook Lee,et al.  Electrochemical immunosensor using p-aminophenol redox cycling by hydrazine combined with a low background current. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[36]  J. Vaqué,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for oral cancer biomarker IL-6 using carbon nanotube forest electrodes and multilabel amplification. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[37]  Jagotamoy Das,et al.  A nanocatalyst-based assay for proteins: DNA-free ultrasensitive electrochemical detection using catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol by gold-nanoparticle labels. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.