Evidence for the clonal origin of spontaneous metastases.

A cultured cell line of the K-1735 melanoma was x-irradiated to induce chromosome breakage and rearrangements and then was implanted into the footpads of syngenic C3H mice. Spontaneous lung metastases were isolated from different animals, established in culture as individual lines, and then karyotyped. Within certain metastases, the same chromosomal abnormality (or abnormalities) (recombinant chromosomes) was found in all the cells examined. Most metastases differed from one another in that they exhibited characteristic combinations of chromosomal markers. These findings indicated that the metastases were clonal and that they probably originated from different progenitor cells.

[1]  I. Fidler.  The relationship of embolic homogeneity, number, size and viability to the incidence of experimental metastasis. , 1973, European journal of cancer.

[2]  N. Suzuki,et al.  Isolation from a murine fibrosarcoma of cell lines with enhanced plating efficiency in vitro. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[3]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Tumor metastasis is not due to adaptation of cells to a new organ environment. , 1982, Science.

[4]  I. Fidler,et al.  Cancer Invasion and Metastasis , 1980, The Quarterly review of biology.

[5]  C. Tropé,et al.  On the presence within tumours of clones that differ in sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. , 2009, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology.

[6]  R. Prehn.  Analysis of antigenic heterogeneity within individual 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas. , 1970, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[7]  G. Nicolson,et al.  Selection and biologic properties of malignant variants of a murine lymphosarcoma. , 1978, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[8]  P. Nowell.  The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. , 1976, Science.

[9]  I. Fidler,et al.  Metastatic heterogeneity of cells from an ultraviolet light-induced murine fibrosarcoma of recent origin. , 1978, Cancer research.

[10]  V. Ling,et al.  Tumor heterogeneity and stability of the metastatic phenotype of mouse KHT sarcoma cells. , 1981, Cancer research.

[11]  I. Fidler,et al.  Biological and experimental consequences of the zonal composition of solid tumors. , 1981, Cancer research.

[12]  E. Henshaw,et al.  Specific immunotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma: Evidence for the polyclonality of metastases , 1981, Cancer.

[13]  I. Fidler,et al.  Metastasis results from preexisting variant cells within a malignant tumor. , 1977, Science.

[14]  T. Tsuruo,et al.  Differences in drug sensitivity among tumor cells from parental tumors, selected variants, and spontaneous metastases. , 1981, Cancer research.

[15]  I. Fidler,et al.  The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis , 1980, Nature.

[16]  D. Ettinger,et al.  Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications. , 1978, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  A. Houghton,et al.  Heterogeneity in surface antigen and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient. Implications for the study of tumor antigens , 1981, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[18]  D M Gersten,et al.  The biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. , 1978, Advances in cancer research.

[19]  D. Martin,et al.  Comparison of adjuvant chemotherapeutic activity against primary and metastatic spontaneous murine tumors. , 1977, Cancer research.

[20]  C. Bucana,et al.  Demonstration of multiple phenotypic diversity in a murine melanoma of recent origin. , 1981, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[21]  P. Fialkow.  Clonal origin of human tumors. , 1976, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  J. S. Henderson,et al.  THE PLATING OF TUMOR COMPONENTS ON THE SUBCUTANEOUS EXPANSES OF YOUNG MICE , 1962, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[23]  I. Fidler,et al.  The implications of tumor heterogeneity for studies on the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis , 1981 .

[24]  J. Talmadge,et al.  Introduction of metastatic heterogeneity by short-term in vivo passage of a cloned transformed cell line. , 1979, Journal of supramolecular structure.

[25]  M. Kripke,et al.  Speculations on the role of ultraviolet radiation in the development of malignant melanoma. , 1979, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[26]  M. Brennan,et al.  The variability of estrogen receptors in metastatic breast cancer. , 1979, American journal of surgery.

[27]  E. Beutler,et al.  Value of genetic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tracing the origin of malignant tumors. , 1967, The New England journal of medicine.

[28]  L. Liotta,et al.  The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. , 1976, Cancer research.

[29]  J. Till,et al.  Cytological Demonstration of the Clonal Nature of Spleen Colonies Derived from Transplanted Mouse Marrow Cells , 1963, Nature.

[30]  D. Miller,et al.  Nucleolus organizer activity and the origin of Robertsonian translocations. , 1978, Cytogenetics and cell genetics.

[31]  I. Fidler,et al.  In vivo isolation of a metastatic tumor cell variant involving selective and nonadaptive processes. , 1981, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[32]  I. Fidler,et al.  The origin of metastatic heterogeneity in tumors. , 1981, European journal of cancer.

[33]  I. Fidler.  Therapy of spontaneous metastases by intravenous injection of liposomes containing lymphokines. , 1980, Science.

[34]  J. Talmadge,et al.  Characterization of a murine ovarian reticulum cell sarcoma of histiocytic origin. , 1981, Cancer research.

[35]  R. Kerbel.  Implications of immunological heterogeneity of tumours , 1979, Nature.