Aggregated models of wind-based generation and active distribution network cells for power system studies - literature overview

The paper describes some of the initial results of the CIGRE Working Group C4.605 “Modeling and aggregation of loads in flexible power networks”. One of the tasks of the working group is to provide recommendations on developing equivalent static and dynamic models for clusters of diverse loads/generators, i.e., models of distribution network cells and microgrids and recommendations on procedures for data/response gathering and processing. This paper focuses on critical review of existing literature on aggregated models of wind-based generation, active distribution network cells and microgrids for power system studies.

[1]  Hans Knudsen,et al.  An aggregate model of a grid-connected, large-scale, offshore wind farm for power stability investigations—importance of windmill mechanical system , 2002 .

[2]  J. Myrzik,et al.  Dynamic equivalencing of distribution networks with dispersed generation , 2006 .

[3]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Defining control strategies for MicroGrids islanded operation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Cristina Gonzalez-Moran,et al.  Composite Loads in Stand-Alone Inverter-Based Microgrids—Modeling Procedure and Effects on Load Margin , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Luis M. Fernández,et al.  Dynamic models of wind farms with fixed speed wind turbines , 2006 .

[6]  J. V. Milanović,et al.  Modelling of Distribution Network Cell based on grey-box approach , 2010 .

[7]  Hirofumi Akagi,et al.  Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Devices without Energy Storage Components , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[8]  Sasa Z. Djokic,et al.  Performance Assessment of Micro and Small-Scale Wind Turbines in Urban Areas , 2012, IEEE Systems Journal.

[9]  H.M.Z. El-Din,et al.  Dynamic load modeling in large scale stability studies , 1988 .

[10]  Jovica V. Milanovic,et al.  Probabilistic clustering of wind generators , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[11]  Istvan Erlich,et al.  Artificial neural network-based dynamic equivalents for distribution systems containing active sources , 2004 .

[12]  J. F. Conroy,et al.  Aggregate modelling of wind farms containing full-converter wind turbine generators with permanent magnet synchronous machines: transient stability studies , 2009 .

[13]  Sasa Z. Djokic,et al.  An 11 kV steady state residential aggregate load model. Part 1: Aggregation methodology , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[14]  M.V.A. Nunes,et al.  Influence of the variable-speed wind generators in transient stability margin of the conventional generators integrated in electrical grids , 2004 .

[15]  J. Myrzik,et al.  Dynamic equivalencing of distribution networks with dispersed generation , 2007, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[16]  F. O. Resende.  Contributions for Microgrids Dynamic Modelling and Operation , 2013 .

[17]  X. Y. Zhou,et al.  Dynamic equivalents of distribution systems for voltage stability studies , 2001 .

[18]  H.H. Zurn,et al.  Influence of the variable-speed wind generators in transient stability margin of the conventional generators integrated in electrical grids , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[19]  Sasa Z. Djokic,et al.  An 11 kV steady state residential aggregate load model. Part 2: Microgeneration and demand-side management , 2011, 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.

[20]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[21]  Samila Mat Zali,et al.  Validation of developed grey-box model of Distribution Network Cell , 2010 .

[22]  F. O. Resende,et al.  CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR MICROGRIDS BLACK START AND ISLANDED OPERATION , 2005 .

[23]  Wil L. Kling,et al.  Dynamic models for transient stability analysis of transmission and distribution systems with distributed generation: An overview , 2009, 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech.

[24]  John Olav Giæver Tande,et al.  Grid Integration of Wind Farms , 2003 .

[25]  I. Erlich,et al.  Identification of dynamic equivalents for distribution power networks using recurrent ANNs , 2004, IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004..

[26]  P. Kundur,et al.  Power system stability and control , 1994 .

[27]  Sasa Z. Djokic,et al.  Micro and Small-scale Wind Generation in Urban Distribution Networks , 2010 .

[28]  A. Jokic,et al.  Dynamic reduction of distribution networks with dispersed generation , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Future Power Systems.

[29]  P. Ledesma,et al.  Transient stability studies in grids with great wind power penetration. Modelling issues and operation requirements , 2003, 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491).

[30]  J.A. Pecas Lopes,et al.  Development of Dynamic Equivalents for MicroGrids using System Identification Theory , 2007, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech.

[31]  Z. Lubosny,et al.  Dynamic Equivalencing of Distribution Network with High Penetration of Distributed Generation , 2006, Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[32]  J. R. Bumby,et al.  Performance aspects of mains connected small-scale wind turbines , 2007 .

[33]  Luis M. Fernández,et al.  Aggregated dynamic model for wind farms with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines , 2008 .

[34]  J.W. Bialek,et al.  Identification based Dynamic Equivalencing , 2007, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech.

[35]  S. Achilles,et al.  Aggregated Wind Park Models for Analyzing Power System Dynamics , 2003 .

[36]  Luis M. Fernández,et al.  Equivalent models of wind farms by using aggregated wind turbines and equivalent winds , 2009 .

[37]  T. W. Reddoch,et al.  An Assessment of Load Frequency Control Impacts Caused by Small Wind Turbines , 1983, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[38]  F. Katiraei,et al.  Small-signal dynamic model of a micro-grid including conventional and electronically interfaced distributed resources , 2007 .

[39]  Vladislav Akhmatov.  An Aggregated Model of a Large Wind Farm with Variable-Speed Wind Turbines Equipped with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators , 2004 .

[40]  Bruno Sareni,et al.  Integrated Optimal Design of a Passive Wind Turbine System: An Experimental Validation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[41]  J. V. Milanovic,et al.  Dynamic equivalent model of Distribution Network Cell using Prony analysis and Nonlinear least square optimization , 2009, 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech.

[42]  Liana Mirela Cipcigan,et al.  AC and DC aggregation effects of small-scale wind generators , 2007 .