Branch Plate-to-Circular Hollow Structural Section Connections. I: Experimental Investigation and Finite-Element Modeling

Abstract Although branch plate-to-circular hollow section (CHS) connections under branch axial load are simple to fabricate and cost-effective, they generally experience significant deformation at relatively low loads resulting in an imposed deformation limit. To increase the connection capacity, various stiffening methods such as use of ring stiffeners, grout filling, and “through plate” connections have been proposed. To determine the effectiveness of previously unstudied plate-to-CHS through plate connections, an experimental investigation consisting of 12 connections was undertaken. Additionally, the behavior of nonorthogonal or skewed connections and the effect of load sense were examined. The experimental study determined that through plate-to-CHS connection behavior can be obtained by algebraically combining the behavior of a T -type branch plate-to-CHS connection in tension with another in compression. Moreover, the through plate connection increased the capacity by more than three times that of a...

[1]  J. A. Packer,et al.  T-JOINTS IN RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS SUBJECT TO COMBINED ACTIONS , 1992 .

[2]  G. D. De Winkel,et al.  The Behaviour And the Static Strength of Unstiffened I-Beam to Circular Column Connections Under Multiplanar In-Plane Bending Moments , 1993 .

[3]  J. K. Ward,et al.  The Influence Of Chord Length And Boundary Conditions On K Joint Capacity , 1992 .

[4]  Yoo Sang Choo,et al.  STATIC STRENGTH OF T-JOINTS REINFORCED WITH DOUBLER OR COLLAR PLATES. II: NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS , 2005 .

[5]  Jeffrey A. Packer.  A theoretical analysis of welded steel joints in rectangular hollow sections , 1978 .

[6]  Chanakya Arya,et al.  Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures , 2018, Design of Structural Elements.

[7]  A. Llewelyn-Parry,et al.  Ultimate strength of ring-stiffened T-joints- a theoretical model , 1998 .

[8]  Jeffrey A Paker,et al.  Hollow structural section connections and trusses : a design guide , 1997 .

[9]  Yuji Makino,et al.  Ultimate Strength Formulation For Axially Loaded CHS Uniplanar T-Joints , 2005 .

[10]  Clifford Goodman,et al.  American Society for Testing and Materials , 1988 .

[11]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Joints Between Plates Or I Sections And a Circular Hollow Section Chord , 2009 .

[12]  Peter Matic,et al.  Integrated experimental-computational characterization of TIMETAL 21S , 1999 .

[13]  Darren J. Morahan,et al.  Fatigue and Ultimate Limit State of Grouted Tubular Joints , 2002 .

[14]  Yoshiaki Kurobane,et al.  New developments and practices in tubular joint design , 1981 .

[15]  Norman Jones,et al.  Uniaxial true stress-true strain curve for a ductile metal , 1993 .

[16]  S K Duggal.  Design of steel structures / S K Duggal , 2009 .

[17]  Yoshihiro Kimura,et al.  Brace-Beam-Column Connections for Concentrically Braced Frames with Concrete Filled Tube Columns , 2004 .

[18]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Hollow section joints , 1982 .

[19]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Comparison of the new IIW (2008) CHS joint strength formulae with those of the previous IIW (1989) and the new API (2007) , 2008 .

[20]  Peter Matic,et al.  Numerically predicting ductile material behavior from tensile specimen response , 1985 .

[21]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  New IIW (2008) static design recommendations for hollow section joints , 2008 .

[22]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Chord Stress Function For Rectangular Hollow Section X And T Joints , 2007 .

[23]  R. M. Korol,et al.  Finite Element Analysis of RHS T-Joints , 1982 .

[24]  Nikola Kosteski.  Branch plate-to-rectangular hollow structural section connections , 2001 .

[25]  R. Cook,et al.  Advanced Mechanics of Materials , 1985 .

[26]  K. Sekita,et al.  Static And Fatigue Tests On T-Joints Stiffened By An Internal Ring , 1979 .

[27]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  New Chord Stress Functions For Rectangular Hollow Section Joints , 2004 .

[28]  Xudong Qian,et al.  Static Strength of Thick-Walled CHS X-Joints Subjected to Brace Moment Loadings , 2007 .

[29]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Effect of Chord Load On Ultimate Strength of CHS X-Joints , 2007 .

[30]  Andrew Peter Voth,et al.  Branch Plate-to-circular Hollow Structural Section Connections , 2011 .

[31]  Atorod Azizinamini,et al.  Design provisions for connections between steel beams and concrete filled tube columns , 2001 .

[32]  J L Dawe,et al.  BRANCH PLATE TO REINFORCED HSS CONNECTIONS IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION , 1993 .

[33]  Christian Thaulow,et al.  Determining material true stress–strain curve from tensile specimens with rectangular cross-section , 1999 .

[34]  Reidar Bjorhovde,et al.  Load and resistance factor design of steel structures , 1994 .

[35]  Jeffrey A. Packer,et al.  Predicting the strength of branch plate – RHS connections for punching shear , 1982 .

[36]  John W. Fisher,et al.  Load and Resistance Factor Design Criteria for Connectors , 1978 .

[37]  Stefan Herion,et al.  The static strength of ring-stiffened tubular joints , 1999 .

[38]  Jacobus Cornelis Paul.  The Ultimate Behavior of Multiplanar TT and KK-Joints Made of Circular Hollow Sections , 1992 .

[39]  Kent Gylltoft,et al.  Mechanical Behavior of Circular Steel-Concrete Composite Stub Columns , 2002 .

[40]  R. Jay Conant,et al.  Advanced Mechanics of Materials , 2003 .

[41]  M.M.K. Lee,et al.  Numerical modelling of CHS joints with multiplanar double-K configuration , 1995 .

[42]  N. Kosteski,et al.  A finite element method based yield load determination procedure for hollow structural section connections , 2003 .

[43]  J Wardenier,et al.  Parametric study on the static strength of uniplanar and multiplanar plate to RHS column connections , 1995 .

[44]  Marcus M. K. Lee,et al.  Strength prediction for ring-stiffened DT-joints in offshore jacket structures , 2005 .

[45]  A. Llewelyn-Parry,et al.  Strength estimation of offshore ring-stiffened DT-joints , 2003 .

[46]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Reanalysis of the moment capacity of CHS joints , 2008 .

[47]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Evaluation of the new IIW CHS strength formulae for thick-walled joints , 2008 .

[48]  A. G. Madhava Rao,et al.  Behavior of Internally Ring-Stiffened Joints of Offshore Platforms , 1999 .

[49]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Evaluation of new CHS strength formulae to design strengths , 2008 .

[50]  Joseph A. Yura,et al.  Ultimate Capacity Equations for Tubular Joints , 1980 .

[51]  G. Davies,et al.  YIELD STRENGTH OF GAPPED JOINTS IN RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTION TRUSSES. , 1980 .

[52]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Chord Stress Functions For K Gap Joints of Rectangular Hollow Sections , 2007 .

[53]  Jeffrey A. Packer,et al.  Welded Tee-to-HSS Connections , 2003 .

[54]  R. Arrieux,et al.  Determination of the equivalent stress–equivalent strain relationship of a copper sample under tensile loading , 2003 .

[55]  Jeffrey A. Packer,et al.  Tests and design of concrete-filled elliptical hollow section stub columns , 2009 .

[56]  Viggo Tvergaard,et al.  Necking in tensile bars with rectangular cross-section , 1993 .

[57]  Jaap Wardenier,et al.  Effects of boundary conditions and chord stresses on static strength of thick-walled CHS K-joints , 2006 .

[58]  J. A. Packer,et al.  Design Guidelines for Longitudinal Plate to HSS Connections , 1998 .

[59]  Xxyyzz,et al.  Plastic Design in Steel : A Guide and Commentary , 1971 .

[60]  Hani S. Mitri,et al.  Plate reinforced square hollow section T-joints of unequal width , 1982 .

[61]  Joseph A. Yura,et al.  Ultimate Capacity of Circular Tubular Joints , 1981 .

[62]  B. G. Neal,et al.  The Effect of Shear and Normal Forces on the Fully Plastic Moment of a Beam of Rectangular Cross Section , 1961 .

[63]  Yuji Makino,et al.  Load-Deformation Relationships For Gusset-Plate to CHS Tube Joints Under Compression Loads , 1999 .

[64]  Jeffrey A. Packer.  Concrete-Filled HSS Connections , 1995 .

[65]  J Wardenier,et al.  THE STATIC STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF MULTIPLANAR TUBULAR STEEL X-JOINTS , 1990 .

[66]  A. Llewelyn-Parry,et al.  Offshore Tubular T-Joints Reinforced with Internal Plain Annular Ring Stiffeners , 2004 .

[67]  Yousef.M. Alostaz,et al.  Analytical behavior of connections to concrete-filled steel tubes , 1996 .

[68]  Jaap Wardenier.  Design guide for circular hollow section (CHS) joints under predominantly static loading , 1991 .

[69]  M.M.K Lee,et al.  Strength of ring-stiffened tubular T-joints in offshore structures—: a numerical parametric study , 1999 .

[70]  J A Packer,et al.  Longitudinal Plate and through Plate-to-Hollow Structural Section Welded Connections , 2003 .

[71]  Jeffrey A. Packer,et al.  Parametric finite element study of slotted end connections to circular hollow sections , 2006 .

[72]  M. M. K. Lee,et al.  A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE STRENGTH OF RING-STIFFENED TUBULAR T-JOINTS IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES. , 1999 .

[73]  X. Zhao,et al.  Hollow sections in structural applications , 2010 .

[74]  Atorod Azizinamini,et al.  Experimental behavior of steel beam to CFT column connections , 2001 .

[75]  Yoo Sang Choo,et al.  Static Strength of T-Joints Reinforced with Doubler or Collar Plates. I: Experimental Investigations , 2005 .

[76]  R. M. Korol,et al.  Unequal width connections of square hollow sections in Vierendeel trusses , 1977 .

[77]  J. Wardenier,et al.  How to improve the conceptual design of tubular structures , 2000 .

[78]  Jeffrey A. Packer,et al.  Design guide for rectangular hollow section (RHS) joints under predominantly static loading , 1992 .

[79]  Yoo Sang Choo,et al.  Static strength of collar plate reinforced CHS X-joints loaded by in-plane bending , 2004 .

[80]  G. D. De Winkel.  The static strenght of i-beam to circular hollow section column connections , 1998 .

[81]  J. A. Packer,et al.  SLOTTED END CONNECTIONS TO HOLLOW SECTIONS , 2006 .

[82]  G. J. Van der Vegte,et al.  The Static Strength of Uniplanar and Multiplanar Tubular T- And X-Joints , 1995 .

[83]  黒羽 啓明,et al.  Design guide for structural hollow section column connections , 2004 .

[84]  D. C. Drucker.  The Effect of Shear on the Plastic Bending of Beams , 1955 .

[85]  Yoshiaki Kurobane,et al.  Ultimate Resistance of Unstiffened Tubular Joints , 1984 .

[86]  N. M. Hawkins,et al.  The bearing strength of concrete loaded through rigid plates , 1968 .