Flow and wakes in complex terrain and offshore. Model development and verification in UPWIND

The paper presents research conducted in the Flow workpackage of the EU funded UPWIND project which focuses on improving models for flow within and downwind of large wind farms in complex terrain and offshore. The main activity is modelling the behaviour of wind turbine wakes in order to improve power output predictions.

[1]  J. Højstrup,et al.  A Simple Model for Cluster Efficiency , 1987 .

[2]  J. F. Ainslie,et al.  CALCULATING THE FLOWFIELD IN THE WAKE OF WIND TURBINES , 1988 .

[3]  N. M. Nielsen,et al.  Offshore Wind Turbine Wakes Measured by Sodar , 2003 .

[4]  N. Mortensen,et al.  Exploring the limits of WAsP the wind atlas analysis and application program , 1996 .

[5]  Rebecca J. Barthelmie,et al.  Analytical modelling of wind speed deficit in large offshore wind farms , 2006 .

[6]  R. Barthelmie,et al.  Quantifying offshore wind resources from satellite wind maps: study area the North Sea , 2004 .

[7]  Pierre-Elouan Réthoré,et al.  Wake effects at Horns Rev and their influence on energy pro-duction , 2006 .

[8]  Gunner Chr. Larsen,et al.  Comparison of Wake Models with Data for Offshore Windfarms , 2001 .

[9]  Commission,et al.  Efficient Development of Offshore Windfarms (ENDOW) , 2003 .

[10]  J. Schepers.  ENDOW: Validation and improvement of ECN's wake model , 2003 .

[11]  B. Lange,et al.  Comparison of Wake Model Simulations with Offshore Wind Turbine Wake Profiles Measured by Sodar , 2006 .

[12]  Poul Ejnar Sørensen,et al.  Fatigue loads for wind turbines operating in wakes , 1999 .

[13]  Jens Nørkær Sørensen,et al.  The Science of Making Torque from Wind , 2007 .

[14]  Sten Tronæs Frandsen,et al.  Integrated fatigue loading for wind turbines in wind farms by combining ambient turbulence and wakes , 1999 .

[15]  M. Magnusson,et al.  Air flow behind wind turbines , 1999 .

[16]  D. Wilcox.  Turbulence modeling for CFD , 1993 .

[17]  Rebecca J. Barthelmie,et al.  ENDOW: Improvement of wake models , 2002 .

[18]  Julio Hernández,et al.  Survey of modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms , 1999 .

[19]  Morten Nielsen,et al.  Modelling and measurements of power losses and turbulence intensity in wind turbine wakes at Middelgrunden offshore wind farm , 2007 .