The Effects of Demineralization on Reducing Ash Content in Corn and Soy Biomass with the Goal of Increasing Biofuel Quality

The increasing amount of residual waste presents several opportunities to use biomass as a renewable energy source. Agricultural biomass is a raw material with a high ash content, which can be a problem in any form of energy conversion. To obtain better quality biofuel, excess mineral matter must be removed. Demineralization is a simple form of mixing and washing biomass with various liquids to reduce ash content. Water, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are common solvents used for this purpose. Ash is composed of different micro (Zn, Cu, Fe) and macro elements (Mg, Ca, K), which can have different consequences for the use of biomass for thermal energy. Different solvents have different effects on the individual elements, with inorganic acids having the greatest effect in demineralization processes, with a reduction in ash content of up to 80% for corn and about 99% for soybeans.

[1]  F. Dorado,et al.  Influence of Temperature and Residence Time on Torrefaction Coupled to Fast Pyrolysis for Valorizing Agricultural Waste , 2022, Energies.

[2]  Shuangquan Yao,et al.  Dissolution kinetics of calcium ions in hydrothermal demineralization of eucalyptus , 2022, BioResources.

[3]  Tajana Krička,et al.  Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency , 2022, Energies.

[4]  Anna Trubetskaya Reactivity Effects of Inorganic Content in Biomass Gasification: A Review , 2022 .

[5]  Ju-Hyoung Park,et al.  Performance evaluation of biomass pretreated by demineralization and torrefaction for ash deposition and PM emissions in the combustion experiments , 2021 .

[6]  Izzat Iqbal Cheema,et al.  Effect of demineralization on physiochemical and thermal characteristics of wheat straw , 2020 .

[7]  Guanyi Chen,et al.  Assessment of biomass demineralization on gasification: From experimental investigation, mechanism to potential application. , 2020, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  Chengrong Qin,et al.  Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the demineralization and thermal degradation behavior of eucalyptus. , 2020, Bioresource technology.

[9]  Kuan Ding,et al.  Pyrolysis behavior of raw/torrefied rice straw after different demineralization processes , 2018, Biomass and Bioenergy.

[10]  K. Chin,et al.  Additional additives to reduce ash related operation problems of solid biofuel from oil palm biomass upon combustion , 2018, Industrial Crops and Products.

[11]  S. Risović,et al.  DOPRINOS ISTRAŽIVANJU SVOJSTAVA PELETA OD DRVA TUROPOLJSKOG KRAJA , 2018 .

[12]  Kavita Parmar,et al.  Biomass- An Overview on Composition Characteristics and Properties , 2017 .

[13]  Y. Niu,et al.  Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: Alkali-induced slagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures , 2016 .

[14]  E. Heracleous,et al.  Optimization of bio-oil yields by demineralization of low quality biomass , 2015 .

[15]  C. Hse,et al.  Wood liquefaction with phenol by microwave heating and FTIR evaluation , 2015, Journal of Forestry Research.

[16]  Zhulan Liu,et al.  The Utilization of Soybean Straw. I. Fiber Morphology and Chemical Characteristics , 2015 .

[17]  Liz M. Díaz-Vázquez,et al.  Demineralization of Sargassum spp. Macroalgae Biomass: Selective Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Bio-Oil Production , 2015, Front. Energy Res..

[18]  A. Bridgwater,et al.  Fast pyrolysis processing of surfactant washed Miscanthus , 2014 .

[19]  Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,et al.  Characterization of lignocellulosic biomass thermal degradation and physiochemical structure: Effects of demineralization by diverse acid solutions , 2014 .

[20]  M. Garcia-Casal,et al.  Processing maize flour and corn meal food products , 2013, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[21]  J. Xiang,et al.  Influence of different demineralization treatments on physicochemical structure and thermal degradation of biomass. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[22]  J. Wu,et al.  Research Progress on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics , 2013 .

[23]  S. Rittidech,et al.  The Influence of Pretreatment Techniques on Ash Content of Cassava Residues , 2013 .

[24]  Jae-Young Kim,et al.  Comparison of pyrolytic products produced from inorganic-rich and demineralized rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) by fluidized bed pyrolyzer for future biorefinery approach. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[25]  X. Bi,et al.  Removal of inorganic constituents from pine barks and switchgrass , 2011 .

[26]  Mário Costa,et al.  Ash deposition during the co-firing of bituminous coal with pine sawdust and olive stones in a laboratory furnace , 2010 .

[27]  M. Öhman,et al.  Corn Stalk Ash Composition and Its Melting (Slagging) Behavior during Combustion , 2010 .

[28]  S. Medved,et al.  Influence of urea-formaldehyde resin modification with liquefied wood on particleboard properties. , 2010 .

[29]  P. Jansens,et al.  Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and remedies , 2009 .

[30]  M. Balat,et al.  Mechanisms of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes. Part 3: Reactions of Liquefaction , 2008 .

[31]  RajenderKumar Gupta,et al.  Characterising ash of biomass and waste , 2007 .

[32]  I. Obernberger,et al.  Chemical properties of solid biofuels¿significance and impact , 2006 .

[33]  R. Santamaría,et al.  Thermal degradation of lignocellulosic materials treated with several acids , 2005 .

[34]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Demineralization of Agricultural Residues by Water Leaching , 2003 .