Method and apparatus for predictive encoding/decoding of motion vector

Provided is a method and an apparatus for image encoding/decoding, one embodiment of the present invention comprising: an image encoder which selects at least one representative block from among neighboring blocks, which have been encoded via inter-prediction, on the basis of the order of priority of the inter-predictive method, inter-predictive direction, motion compensation direction, size of the block and the distance from the reference picture, encodes the motion vector of the current block using the motion vector selected as a motion vector predictor from among the motion vectors of the selected representative block and temporal candidate motion vector, and outputs a bit stream; and an image decoder which extracts an index for a motion vector predictor and a residual vector from the bit stream, selects at least one representative block from among the neighboring blocks, which have been encoded via inter-prediction, on the basis of the order of priority of the inter-predictive method, inter-predictive direction, motion compensation direction, size of the block and the distance from the reference picture, identifies the index by considering the selected representative block, decodes the motion vector of the representative block corresponding to the index as the motion vector predictor of the current block, and decodes the current block.