Making Extreme Caricatures with a New Interactive 2D Deformation Technique with Simplicial Complexes

In this paper, we present a new interactive 2D deformation technique to make caricatures with extreme exaggerations. In our technique, we use simplices as deformation primitives. User defined source and target shapes of each simplex primitive define local coordinates. These local coordinates determine a unique translation vector for any given point in 2D space. We also provide a set of blending functions to effectively interpolate these translation vectors from each simplex primitive to compute a combined translation. These combined translation vector are used to transform each vertex of a texture mapped grid. Deformation of the grid provide interactive deformation of the texture that is mapped to the grid.

[1]  Ruth Campbell,et al.  Enhancing images of facial expressions , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[2]  Thomas W. Sederberg,et al.  Free-form deformation of solid geometric models , 1986, SIGGRAPH.

[3]  Donna J. Cox,et al.  Caricature, Readymades and Metamorphosis: Visual Mathematics in the Context of Art , 1993 .

[4]  Sabine Coquillart,et al.  Axial deformations: an intuitive deformation technique , 1994, Comput. Aided Des..

[5]  Gillian Rhodes,et al.  Coding spatial variations in faces and simple shapes: a test of two models , 1998, Vision Research.

[6]  Peter J. B. Hancock,et al.  From Pixels to People: A Model of Familiar Face Recognition , 1999, Cogn. Sci..

[7]  Sabine Coquillart,et al.  Extended free-form deformation: a sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  Carlo Cattani,et al.  Dimension-independent modeling with simplicial complexes , 1993, TOGS.

[9]  P. Benson,et al.  Are faces of different species perceived categorically by human observers? , 1997, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[10]  A. O'Toole,et al.  Three-Dimensional Caricatures of Human Heads: Distinctiveness and the Perception of Facial Age , 1997, Perception.

[11]  Michael Kubovy,et al.  Caricature and face recognition , 1992, Memory & cognition.

[12]  Erik Brisson,et al.  Representing geometric structures in d dimensions: topology and order , 1989, SCG '89.

[13]  Ergun Akleman,et al.  Making caricatures with morphing , 1997, SIGGRAPH '97.

[14]  Thaddeus Beier,et al.  Feature-based image metamorphosis , 1992, SIGGRAPH.

[15]  Alan H. Barr,et al.  Global and local deformations of solid primitives , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[16]  Gillian Rhodes,et al.  Recognition of own-race and other-race caricatures: implications for models of face recognition , 1998, Vision Research.

[17]  Michael B. Lewis,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section a Understanding Caricatures of Faces , 2022 .

[18]  G. Rhodes,et al.  Averageness, Exaggeration, and Facial Attractiveness , 1996 .

[19]  G. Rhodes,et al.  Facial Distinctiveness and the Power of Caricatures , 1997, Perception.

[20]  Alice J. O'Toole,et al.  Connectionist models of face processing: A survey , 1994, Pattern Recognit..

[21]  Geoff Wyvill,et al.  Field functions for implicit surfaces , 2005, The Visual Computer.

[22]  D. Perrett,et al.  Computer-enhanced emotion in facial expressions , 1997, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[23]  David I. Perrett,et al.  Self priming from distinctive and caricatured faces , 1996 .

[24]  Susan E. Brennan,et al.  From the Leonardo Archive , 2007, Leonardo.

[25]  Ari Rappoport,et al.  Simple constrained deformations for geometric modeling and interactive design , 1994, TOGS.

[26]  Morris Moscovitch,et al.  What is special about face recognition , 2003 .

[27]  V. Bruce,et al.  The Effects of Distinctiveness in Recognising and Classifying Faces , 1986, Perception.