A Conceptual Framework for Teacher Professional Development: The Whole Teacher Approach

In this article, we describe a conceptual framework for in-service professional development—the Whole Teacher approach. A significant departure from the traditional approach to professional development that speaks primarily to teachers’ acquisition of knowledge and skills, the Whole Teacher framework emphasizes promoting all aspects of a teacher's development, including attitudes, knowledge, and practice. Putting the framework in operation, we describe a project proven to be effective in helping to develop teachers’ competence and increase children's performance in early mathematics. We focus on how the Whole Teacher framework guided the project's design, implementation, and program evaluation. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the significance of the Whole Teacher approach to teacher professional development.

[1]  Frank M. Pajares,et al.  Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings , 1996 .

[2]  Juanita V. Copley,et al.  The Young Child and Mathematics , 2000 .

[3]  Heather C. Hill,et al.  Effects of Teachers’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching on Student Achievement , 2005 .

[4]  L. Shulman Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching , 1986 .

[5]  D. Clements,et al.  Learning and Teaching Early Math: The Learning Trajectories Approach , 2009 .

[6]  Lev Vygotsky Mind in society , 1978 .

[7]  J. Wilkins The relationship among elementary teachers’ content knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices , 2008 .

[8]  Thomas R. Guskey,et al.  What Makes Professional Development Effective? , 2003 .

[9]  G. Duncan,et al.  School readiness and later achievement. , 2007, Developmental psychology.

[10]  L. Darling-Hammond,et al.  Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher development in the United States and abroad. , 2009 .

[11]  M. Susan Burns,et al.  Eager to learn : educating our preschoolers , 2000 .

[12]  G. Duncan,et al.  Kindergarten skills and fifth-grade achievement: Evidence from the ECLS-K , 2009 .

[13]  Jie-Qi Chen,et al.  A Comprehensive Approach to Technology Training for Early Childhood Teachers , 2006 .

[14]  A. Su,et al.  The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics , 1932, The Mathematical Gazette.

[15]  Laura M. Desimone,et al.  Improving Impact Studies of Teachers’ Professional Development: Toward Better Conceptualizations and Measures , 2009 .

[16]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  Female teachers’ math anxiety affects girls’ math achievement , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[17]  R. Pianta,et al.  Features of Pre-Kindergarten Programs, Classrooms, and Teachers: Do They Predict Observed Classroom Quality and Child-Teacher Interactions? , 2005 .

[18]  Jie-Qi Chen,et al.  Testing the "Whole Teacher" Approach to Professional Development: A Study of Enhancing Early Childhood Teachers' Technology Proficiency. , 2006 .

[19]  B. Rogoff Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners , 2009 .

[20]  T. Guskey Results-Oriented Professional Development: In Search of an Optimal Mix of Effective Practices. , 1994 .

[21]  Stephen W. Raudenbush,et al.  The Brown Legacy and the O’Connor Challenge:Transforming Schools in the Images of Children’s Potential , 2009 .

[22]  Robert J. Garmston,et al.  Cognitive Coaching: A Foundation for Renaissance Schools , 1993 .

[23]  Jie-Qi Chen,et al.  Foundational Mathematics: A Neglected Opportunity , 2010 .

[24]  S. Bredekamp Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8 , 1987 .

[25]  H. Borko Professional Development and Teacher Learning: Mapping the Terrain , 2004 .

[26]  H. Schweingruber,et al.  Mathematics learning in early childhood : paths toward excellence and equity , 2009 .

[27]  W. Hawley,et al.  The essentials of effective professional development: A new consensus. , 1999 .

[28]  B. Rogoff The Cultural Nature of Human Development , 2003 .

[29]  Elena Bodrova,et al.  Tools of the Mind: The Vygotskian Approach to Early Childhood Education , 1995 .

[30]  Sue Vartuli Beliefs: The Heart of Teaching. , 2005 .