Scalable and portable implementation of the fast multipole method on parallel computers

A scalable and portable Fortran code is developed to calculate Coulomb interaction potentials of charged particles on parallel computers, based on the fast multipole method. The code has a unique feature to calculate microscopic stress tensors due to the Coulomb interactions, which is useful in constant-pressure simulations and local stress analyses. The code is applicable to various boundary conditions, including periodic boundary conditions in two and three dimensions, corresponding to slab and bulk systems, respectively. Numerical accuracy of the code is tested through comparison of its results with those obtained by the Ewald summation method and by direct calculations. Scalability tests show the parallel efficiency of 0.98 for 512 million charged particles on 512 IBM SP3 processors. The timing results on IBM SP3 are also compared with those on IBM SP4.

[1]  Jim Glosli,et al.  Comments on P3M, FMM, and the Ewald method for large periodic Coulombic systems , 1996 .

[2]  J. Board,et al.  Ewald summation techniques in perspective: a survey , 1996 .

[3]  Rajiv K. Kalia,et al.  Variable-charge interatomic potentials for molecular-dynamics simulations of TiO2 , 1999 .

[4]  L. Greengard The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems , 1988 .

[5]  Frederick H. Streitz,et al.  Electrostatic potentials for metal-oxide surfaces and interfaces. , 1994 .

[6]  J. Perram,et al.  Electrostatic lattice sums for semi-infinite lattices , 1979 .

[7]  M. Berkowitz,et al.  Ewald summation for systems with slab geometry , 1999 .

[8]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[9]  D. Heyes,et al.  Molecular dynamics computer simulation of surface properties of crystalline potassium chloride , 1977 .

[10]  D. E. Parry The electrostatic potential in the surface region of an ionic crystal , 1975 .

[11]  Rajiv K. Kalia,et al.  DYNAMICS OF OXIDATION OF ALUMINUM NANOCLUSTERS USING VARIABLE CHARGE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS ON PARALLEL COMPUTERS , 1999 .

[12]  Michael W. Deem,et al.  The h = 0 term in Coulomb sums by the Ewald transformation , 1990 .

[13]  A. Nakano,et al.  Role of atomic charge transfer on sintering of TiO2 nanoparticles: Variable-charge molecular dynamics , 2000 .

[14]  Martin Head-Gordon,et al.  Derivation and efficient implementation of the fast multipole method , 1994 .

[15]  A. Nakano,et al.  Multiresolution molecular dynamics algorithm for realistic materials modeling on parallel computers , 1994 .

[16]  V. Rokhlin Rapid solution of integral equations of classical potential theory , 1985 .

[17]  W. Goddard,et al.  The reduced cell multipole method for Coulomb interactions in periodic systems with million-atom unit cells , 1992 .

[18]  C. Brooks Computer simulation of liquids , 1989 .

[19]  T. Darden,et al.  A Multipole-Based Algorithm for Efficient Calculation of Forces and Potentials in Macroscopic Period , 1996 .

[20]  J. Perram,et al.  Simulation of electrostatic systems in periodic boundary conditions. I. Lattice sums and dielectric constants , 1980, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.