Reversible data hiding for rightful ownership assertion of images in encrypted domain over cloud

Abstract The explosive growth in the multimedia contents is shifting the global infrastructure towards cloud based paradigm which is facilitated with enormous storage capacity and high end computational resources. However, the high chances of security breaches possible in the wide attacking surface of public cloud is alarming for measures that could put it in check. Encryption before outsourcing may serve as a possible solution but maintaining the same cloud services in encrypted domain is very challenging problem. Towards this end, we have proposed a reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted domain that will securely transmit the media information over cloud architecture and prove its rightful ownership. The scheme is based on Chinese Remainder Theorem(CRT) based secret sharing scheme that distributes the media information into multiple encrypted shares and embeds a secret information into the encrypted shares based on a secret key. These data embedded encrypted shares could now be securely outsourced to the remotely distributed cloud data centers where they may be attacked by the intruders. The robustness has been validated against different attack scenarios in the encrypted domain and the proposed scheme was found to be performing satisfactorily well.

[1]  Stefan Katzenbeisser,et al.  Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition , 2009, Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

[2]  Mauro Barni,et al.  On the Implementation of the Discrete Fourier Transform in the Encrypted Domain , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[3]  Balasubramanian Raman,et al.  A chaotic system based fragile watermarking scheme for image tamper detection , 2011 .

[4]  Nasir D. Memon,et al.  A buyer-seller watermarking protocol , 2001, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[5]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Composite Signal Representation for Fast and Storage-Efficient Processing of Encrypted Signals , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[6]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Encrypted Domain DCT Based on Homomorphic Cryptosystems , 2009, EURASIP J. Inf. Secur..

[7]  B. Raman,et al.  Selective image encryption in fractional wavelet domain , 2011 .

[8]  K. Srinathan,et al.  Efficient privacy preserving video surveillance , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[9]  John Bloom,et al.  A modular approach to key safeguarding , 1983, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  Vincenzo Piuri,et al.  A privacy-compliant fingerprint recognition system based on homomorphic encryption and Fingercode templates , 2010, 2010 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS).

[11]  Caroline Fontaine,et al.  A Survey of Homomorphic Encryption for Nonspecialists , 2007, EURASIP J. Inf. Secur..

[12]  T. Elgamal.  A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms , 1984, CRYPTO 1984.

[13]  Mauro Barni,et al.  eSketch: a privacy-preserving fuzzy commitment scheme for authentication using encrypted biometrics , 2010, MM&Sec '10.

[14]  Weiming Zhang,et al.  Reversibility improved data hiding in encrypted images , 2014, Signal Process..

[15]  Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi,et al.  Privacy-Preserving ECG Classification With Branching Programs and Neural Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[16]  Christian Roux,et al.  A Joint Encryption/Watermarking System for Verifying the Reliability of Medical Images , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[17]  Xinpeng Zhang,et al.  Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image , 2011, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[18]  Craig Gentry,et al.  Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers , 2010, EUROCRYPT.

[19]  Shiguo Lian,et al.  Commutative Encryption and Watermarking in Video Compression , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[20]  Mohan S. Kankanhalli,et al.  Robust Watermarking of Compressed and Encrypted JPEG2000 Images , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[21]  Jianting Guo,et al.  Secure watermarking scheme against watermark attacks in the encrypted domain , 2015, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[22]  Soo-Chang Pei,et al.  Image Feature Extraction in Encrypted Domain With Privacy-Preserving SIFT , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[23]  Zhenxing Qian,et al.  Reversible visible watermark embedded in encrypted domain , 2015, 2015 IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP).

[24]  Guy Gogniat,et al.  Recent Advances in Homomorphic Encryption: A Possible Future for Signal Processing in the Encrypted Domain , 2013, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[25]  Xinpeng Zhang,et al.  Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[26]  Ivan Damgård,et al.  A Generalisation, a Simplification and Some Applications of Paillier's Probabilistic Public-Key System , 2001, Public Key Cryptography.

[27]  Tung-Shou Chen,et al.  An Improved Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Side Match , 2012, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[28]  Maurice Mignotte,et al.  How to Share a Secret? , 1982, EUROCRYPT.

[29]  Craig Gentry,et al.  (Leveled) fully homomorphic encryption without bootstrapping , 2012, ITCS '12.

[30]  Alessandro Neri,et al.  A commutative digital image watermarking and encryption method in the tree structured Haar transform domain , 2011, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[31]  Peijia Zheng,et al.  Discrete Wavelet Transform and Data Expansion Reduction in Homomorphic Encrypted Domain , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[32]  Balasubramanian Raman,et al.  A publicly verifiable lossless watermarking scheme for copyright protection and ownership assertion , 2012 .

[33]  Pascal Paillier,et al.  Public-Key Cryptosystems Based on Composite Degree Residuosity Classes , 1999, EUROCRYPT.