Integrated Bridge Systems Vol.2 ECDIS and Positioning. Published by The Nautical Institute, London, 2010.

One of the challenges of the ECDIS technology is to understand how all the components fit together from a practical mariner‘s perspective. To operate this technology, the mariner needs to have a good appreciation of the positioning technology and its characteristics regarding accuracy and integrity; the underlying Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) data presented to the mariner (in comparison to a traditional paper chart product); and how to operate and interpret the software (ECDIS) to ensure the data is optimally displayed and understood.