Loss Partitioning and Loss Allocation in Three-Phase Radial Distribution Systems With Distributed Generation

In this paper, the concepts related to loss partitioning among the phase currents in three-phase distribution systems are revisited in the light of new findings identified by the authors. In particular, the presence of a paradox in the classical loss partitioning approach, based on the use of the phase-by-phase difference between the input and output complex power, is highlighted. The conditions for performing effective loss partitioning without the occurrence of the paradox are thus established. The corresponding results are then used to extend the branch current decomposition loss allocation method for enabling its application to three-phase unbalanced distribution systems with distributed generation. Several numerical examples on a three-phase line with grounded neutral and on the modified IEEE 13-node test system are provided to assist the illustration and discussion of the novel conceptual framework.

[1]  S. Santoso,et al.  Experiences with the new open-wye / open-delta transformer test cases for distribution system analysis , 2005, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005.

[2]  Antonio J. Conejo,et al.  Z-Bus Loss Allocation , 2001 .

[3]  J. Mutale,et al.  Allocation of losses in distribution systems with embedded generation , 2000 .

[4]  W.H. Kersting.  Analysis of four wire delta center tapped transformer connections , 2005, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005.

[5]  T. Chen,et al.  Analysis of Multigrounded Four-Wire Distribution Systems Considering the Neutral Grounding , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[6]  G. Chicco,et al.  Branch current decomposition method for loss allocation in radial distribution systems with distributed generation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[7]  R.C. Dugan,et al.  Induction machine test case for the 34-bus test feeder -description , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[8]  T.E. McDermott.  Radial distribution feeder and induction machine test cases - steady state solutions , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[9]  R. M. Ciric,et al.  Power flow in four-wire distribution networks-general approach , 2003 .

[10]  Zhuding Wang,et al.  Implementing transformer nodal admittance matrices into backward/forward sweep-based power flow analysis for unbalanced radial distribution systems , 2004 .

[11]  R. C. Dugan,et al.  A perspective on transformer modeling for distribution system analysis , 2003, 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491).

[12]  M. R. Irving,et al.  Transmission loss allocation through a modified Ybus , 2005 .

[13]  R.C. Dugan,et al.  Recommended Practices for Distribution System Analysis , 2006, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[14]  A.G. Exposito,et al.  Quasi-coupled three-phase radial load flow , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[15]  R. M. Ciric,et al.  Fault analysis in four-wire distribution networks , 2005 .

[16]  N. Martins,et al.  An augmented Newton–Raphson power flow formulation based on current injections , 2001 .

[17]  P.A.N. Garcia,et al.  Four wire Newton-Raphson power flow based on the current injection method , 2004, IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004..

[18]  W.H. Kersting,et al.  Induction Machine Phase Frame Model , 2006, 2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition.

[19]  E. J. Holmes,et al.  Electricity Distribution Network Design , 1989 .

[20]  D. J. Ward,et al.  An Analysis of the Five-Wire Distribution System , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[21]  R. M. Ciric,et al.  Power flow in distribution networks with earth return , 2004 .

[22]  S. Carneiro,et al.  Unbalanced three-phase distribution system load-flow studies including induction machines , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[23]  W.H. Kersting.  The Modeling and Analysis of Parallel Distribution Lines , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[24]  W.H. Kersting.  Causes and effects of single-phasing induction motors , 2004, Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004.

[25]  Peng Xiao,et al.  A unified three-phase transformer model for distribution load flow calculations , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[26]  F. V. Gomes,et al.  Improvements in the representation of PV buses on three-phase distribution power flow , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[27]  J. O'Brien,et al.  Five-Wire Distribution System Demonstration Project , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[28]  M. Matos,et al.  Loss allocation in distribution networks with embedded generation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[29]  N. Martins,et al.  Three-phase power flow calculations using the current injection method , 2000 .

[30]  A. K. Al-Othman,et al.  Admittance matrix models of three-phase transformers with various neutral grounding configurations , 2003 .

[31]  W. H. Kersting.  The computation of neutral and dirt currents and power losses , 2004 .

[32]  William Kersting,et al.  Distribution System Modeling and Analysis , 2001, Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook.

[33]  W. H. Phillips,et al.  A new approach to modeling three-phase transformer connections , 1998, 1998 Rural Electric Power Conference Presented at 42nd Annual Conference.

[34]  M. Abedi,et al.  Three Phase Asymmetrical Load Flow for Four-Wire Distribution Networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[35]  B. Zavadil,et al.  Induction machine test case for the 34-bus test feeder - steady state and dynamic solutions , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[36]  D. Hoadley,et al.  A New Phase-Coordinate Transformer Model for y Bus Analysis , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[37]  J. R. Carson.  Wave propagation in overhead wires with ground return , 1926 .

[38]  K. Tomsovic,et al.  Adaptive Power Flow Method for Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.