Petri net and rewriting logic based formal analysis of multi-agent based safety-critical systems

The formal design and development of multi-agent systems has attracted a considerable attention over the past decades because of their extensive use in safety-critical applications. This paper presents an efficient, hybrid and scalable formal development approach for safetycritical systems based on the multi-agent paradigm. In fact, we aim in this paper to benefit from the advantages of existing tools and techniques for each development stage and then integrate them in one unified approach. In particular approach, we advocate using Petri nets and rewriting logic to facilitate the formalization of multi-agent based systems, as well as we have integrated both the model checking and property-based testing techniques in the verification and testing stages. For illustrating the utilization and effectiveness of the proposed approach, we use it to analyze a simple automated distributing machine.

[1]  Jeremy Kong,et al.  Symbolic Model Checking Multi-Agent Systems against CTL*K Specifications , 2017, AAMAS.

[2]  Oskar von Stryk,et al.  Formal Behavior Specification of Multi-Robot Systems Using Hierarchical State Machines in XABSL , 2008 .

[3]  Alessio Lomuscio,et al.  MCMAS: A Model Checker for Multi-agent Systems , 2006, TACAS.

[4]  Edmund Kazmierczak,et al.  A Safety Analysis Method for Multi-Agent Systems , 2017 .

[5]  João M. Fernandes Combining Petri Nets and UML for Model-based Software Engineering , 2010, ACSD/Petri Nets Workshops.

[6]  Mariela Inés Cortés,et al.  MAS-ML 2.0: Supporting the modelling of multi-agent systems with different agent architectures , 2015, J. Syst. Softw..

[7]  Karanjeet,et al.  Analysis and modeling of a safety critical system using Petri-Net model , 2016, 2016 1st India International Conference on Information Processing (IICIP).

[8]  Wil M. P. van der Aalst,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency , 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[9]  Bernhard Bauer,et al.  UML 2.0 and agents: how to build agent-based systems with the new UML standard , 2005, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[10]  Manfred Broy,et al.  UML formal semantics: lessons learned , 2011, Software & Systems Modeling.

[11]  M. B. van Riemsdijk,et al.  Using the Maude Term Rewriting Language for Agent Development with Formal Foundations , 2010 .

[12]  Sanjay Singh,et al.  Modeling and Verification of a Multi-Agent Argumentation System using NuSMV , 2012, ArXiv.

[13]  Slavomír Simonák,et al.  ACP Semantics for Petri Nets , 2018, Comput. Informatics.

[14]  Jeremy Kong,et al.  Model Checking Multi-Agent Systems against LDLK Specifications , 2017, IJCAI.

[15]  Fabrice Kordon,et al.  Adapting Models to Model Checkers, A Case Study : Analysing AADL Using Time or Colored Petri Nets , 2009, 2009 IEEE/IFIP International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping.

[16]  Nima Jafari Navimipour,et al.  Behavioral modeling and formal verification of a resource discovery approach in Grid computing , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[17]  Paola Mello,et al.  Specification and verification of agent interaction protocols in a logic-based system , 2004, SAC '04.

[18]  Lars-Åke Fredlund,et al.  Property-Based Testing - The ProTest Project , 2009, FMCO.

[19]  Claudia Szabo,et al.  CASL: A declarative domain specific language for modeling Complex Adaptive Systems , 2016, 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC).

[20]  Mourad Badri,et al.  Generating Maude Specifications From UML Use Case Diagrams , 2009, J. Object Technol..

[21]  Fu-Shiung Hsieh A hybrid and scalable multi-agent approach for patient scheduling based on Petri net models , 2017, Applied Intelligence.

[22]  Alessio Lomuscio,et al.  Automatic Verification of Knowledge and Time with NuSMV , 2007, IJCAI.

[23]  Santiago Escobar,et al.  Two Decades of Maude , 2015, Logic, Rewriting, and Concurrency.

[24]  Laura M. Castro,et al.  Automatic generating algorithm of rewriting logic specification for multi-agent system models based on Petri nets , 2018, Multiagent Grid Syst..

[25]  George Rzevski,et al.  Multi-Agent Real Time Scheduling System for Taxi Companies , 2009 .

[26]  Swapan Bhattacharya,et al.  Modeling and Analysis of Agent Oriented System : Petri Net Based Approach , 2011 .

[27]  Alessandro Cimatti,et al.  Symbolic Model Checking for Multi-Agent Systems , 2007 .

[28]  Irem Y. Tumer,et al.  Design of Complex Engineered Systems Using Multi-Agent Coordination , 2018, J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng..

[29]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  Securing critical loads in a PV-based microgrid with a multi-agent system , 2012 .

[30]  Baran Çürüklü,et al.  Failure analysis for adaptive autonomous agents using Petri Nets , 2017, 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS).

[31]  Wolfgang Reisig,et al.  A Primer in Petri Net Design , 1992, Springer Compass International.

[32]  Abdelhafid Zitouni,et al.  A multi-agent security framework for cloud data storage , 2018, Multiagent Grid Syst..

[33]  Shiladitya Pujari,et al.  Petri Net: A Tool for Modeling and Analyze Multi-agent Oriented Systems , 2012 .

[34]  Sima Emadi,et al.  Transformation of usecase and sequence diagrams to petri nets , 2009, 2009 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management.

[35]  Joseph E. Urban,et al.  Applying Formal Methods to Specify Security Requirements in Multi-Agent Systems , 2018, 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS).

[36]  Alex Groce,et al.  Randomized Differential Testing as a Prelude to Formal Verification , 2007, 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'07).

[37]  Hong Zhu,et al.  Software unit test coverage and adequacy , 1997, ACM Comput. Surv..

[38]  Olivier Marin,et al.  A multi-agent approach to reliable air traffic control , 2008 .

[39]  Raymond R. Devillers,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency , 2015, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[40]  Sylvanus A. Ehikioya,et al.  Real-time Multi-Agents Architecture for E-commerce Servers , 2018, Int. J. Networked Distributed Comput..

[41]  Mario Kolberg,et al.  Verification & Validation of Agent Based Simulations using the VOMAS (Virtual Overlay Multi-agent System) Approach , 2009, MALLOW.

[42]  Fatima Bendella,et al.  Multi-Agent Simulation Collision Avoidance of Complex System: Application to Evacuation Crowd Behavior , 2018, Int. J. Ambient Comput. Intell..

[43]  Dianfu Ma,et al.  Towards a formal semantics for the AADL behavior annex , 2009, 2009 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition.

[44]  Yuanli Cai,et al.  Object-Oriented Petri nets Based Architecture Description Language for Multi-agent Systems , 2006 .

[45]  Kamel Barkaoui,et al.  Interaction Protocols in Multi-Agent Systems based on Agent Petri Nets Model , 2013 .

[46]  MeseguerJosé Conditional rewriting logic as a unified model of concurrency , 1992 .

[47]  Sung-Bae Cho,et al.  Integration of Swarm Intelligence and Artificial Neural Network for Medical Image Recognition , 2013, Engineering and Technology Journal.

[48]  Hassina Seridi-Bouchelaghem,et al.  A formal framework for organization- centered multi-agent system specification: A rewriting logic based approach , 2017, Multiagent Grid Syst..

[49]  Tharam S. Dillon,et al.  Using UML 2.1 to Model Multi-agent Systems , 2008, SEUS.

[50]  Fabrice Kordon,et al.  From AADL Architectural Models to Petri Nets: Checking Model Viability , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing.

[51]  Robert Wille,et al.  Checking concurrent behavior in UML/OCL models , 2015, 2015 ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS).

[52]  Alexia Zoumpoulaki,et al.  A Multi-agent Simulation Framework for Emergency Evacuations Incorporating Personality and Emotions , 2010, SETN.

[53]  Ivan Trencansky,et al.  The agent modeling language - AML : a comprehensive approach to modeling multi-agent systems , 2007 .

[54]  Alessio Lomuscio,et al.  Automatic verification of parameterised multi-agent systems , 2013, AAMAS.

[55]  Petr Skobelev,et al.  Multi-Agent Systems for Real-Time Adaptive Resource Management , 2015 .

[56]  Simon Collart-Dutilleul,et al.  Architecture Description Language for Cyber Physical Systems Analysis: A Railway Control System Case Study , 2014 .

[57]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Model checking agentspeak , 2003, AAMAS '03.

[58]  Hong Zhu,et al.  Agent oriented programming based on SLABS , 2005, 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'05).

[59]  Wojciech Penczek,et al.  VerICS 2007 - a Model Checker for Knowledge and Real-Time , 2008, Fundam. Informaticae.

[60]  Muneo Hori,et al.  Time Critical Mass Evacuation Simulation Combining A Multi- Agent System and High-Performance Computing , 2017 .

[61]  Laura M. Castro,et al.  Making Property-Based Testing Easier to Read for Humans , 2016, Comput. Informatics.

[62]  Haishun Sun,et al.  Multi agent system based process control in wide area protection against cascading events , 2013, 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference.

[63]  Ramdane Maamri,et al.  Dynamic verification of hierarchical multi-agent plans , 2017, Multiagent Grid Syst..

[64]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  The challenge of real-time multi-agent systems for enabling IoT and CPS , 2017, WI.

[65]  Sarfraz Khurshid,et al.  Verification of Multi-agent Negotiations Using the Alloy Analyzer , 2007, IFM.

[66]  Lars-Åke Fredlund,et al.  A Property-based Testing Framework for Multi-Agent Systems , 2019, AAMAS.

[67]  Ulf Norell,et al.  Find More Bugs with QuickCheck! , 2016, 2016 IEEE/ACM 11th International Workshop in Automation of Software Test (AST).

[68]  José Meseguer,et al.  The Maude LTL Model Checker , 2004, WRLA.

[69]  Aldo Franco Dragoni,et al.  Timing Reliability for Local Schedulers in Multi-Agent Systems , 2018, RTcMAS@IJCAI.

[70]  Lalit Kumar Singh,et al.  Dependability Analysis of Safety Critical Real-Time Systems by Using Petri Nets , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[71]  Rob Alexander,et al.  Supporting systems of systems hazard analysis using multi-agent simulation , 2013 .

[72]  Yi-Sheng Huang,et al.  Synthesis of deadlock prevention policy using Petri nets reachability graph technique , 2010 .

[73]  Nadeem Akhtar,et al.  Contribution to the Formal Specification and Verification of a Multi-Agent Robotic System , 2015, ArXiv.

[74]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Model checking multi-agent systems with MABLE , 2002, AAMAS '02.

[75]  Nadeem Akhtar,et al.  Formal Modeling of a Mail Transport System based on Multi-Agent System-of-Systems , 2019 .

[76]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Model Checking Multi-Agent Programs with CASP , 2003, CAV.

[77]  Martin Schwarick,et al.  Charlie - An Extensible Petri Net Analysis Tool , 2015, Petri Nets.

[78]  Liao Xiao-lin Simulation Method of Command and Control Process Based on Petri Net , 2012 .

[79]  Frank S. de Boer,et al.  Prototyping 3APL in the Maude term rewriting language , 2006, AAMAS '06.

[80]  Zaïdi Sahnoun,et al.  Formal Specification of Multi-Agent System Architecture , 2014, ICAASE.

[81]  Faiza Belala,et al.  A Contribution to the Formal Checking of Multi-Agents Systems , 2006, IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2006..

[82]  Fu-Shiung Hsieh,et al.  Developing cooperation mechanism for multi-agent systems with Petri nets , 2009, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[83]  Carlos Angel Iglesias,et al.  Beast methodology: An agile testing methodology for multi-agent systems based on behaviour driven development , 2013, Information Systems Frontiers.

[84]  Aleksander Byrski,et al.  Using Program Shaping and Algorithmic Skeletons to Parallelise an Evolutionary Multi-Agent System in Erlang , 2016, Comput. Informatics.

[85]  Djamel Khadraoui,et al.  Multi-agent based security assurance monitoring system for telecommunication infrastructures , 2007 .

[86]  Ron van der Meyden,et al.  MCK: Model Checking the Logic of Knowledge , 2004, CAV.

[87]  Alexander Wendt,et al.  A Multi-Agent-Based Middleware for the Development of Complex Architectures , 2018, 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE).

[88]  Gunter Saake,et al.  Integrating and Rapid-Prototyping UML Structural and Behavioural Diagrams Using Rewriting Logic , 2002, CAiSE.

[89]  Valeria Cardellini,et al.  Agent-based modeling of interdependencies in critical infrastructures through UML , 2007, SpringSim '07.

[90]  Hongjun Guan Prevention and Control Model of Enterprise Business Risk Based on Multi-Agent , 2010, J. Convergence Inf. Technol..

[91]  Elena Troubitsyna,et al.  Formal Development of Critical Multi-agent Systems: A Refinement Approach , 2012, 2012 Ninth European Dependable Computing Conference.

[92]  Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni,et al.  Open protocol design for complex interactions in multi-agent systems , 2002, AAMAS '02.

[93]  Cezary Zielinski,et al.  Methodology of Designing Multi-agent Robot Control Systems Utilising Hierarchical Petri Nets , 2019, 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).

[94]  Peter Csaba Ölveczky,et al.  Rewriting Logic as a Unifying Framework for Petri Nets , 2001, Unifying Petri Nets.

[95]  Joseph E. Urban,et al.  Specifying Security Requirements in Multi-agent Systems Using the Descartes-Agent Specification Language and AUML , 2018, AITM/ISM@FedCSIS.

[96]  Anirban Sarkar,et al.  Behavioral Modeling of Multi Agent System: High Level Petri Net Based Approach , 2015, Int. J. Agent Technol. Syst..

[97]  Bradley R. Schmerl,et al.  Software Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation , 2009, Autonomic Computing and Networking.

[98]  J. Meseguer,et al.  Maude ITP 2 . 0 Tutorial , 2009 .

[99]  Alessandro Fantechi,et al.  Petri Nets Modeling for the Schedulability Analysis of Industrial Real Time Systems , 2016, AMARETTO@MODELSWARD.

[100]  Karsten Wolf,et al.  Petri Net Model Checking with LoLA 2 , 2018, Petri Nets.

[101]  W. L. Yeung,et al.  Behavioral modeling and verification of multi-agent systems for manufacturing control , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[102]  Benjamin C. Pierce,et al.  Foundational Property-Based Testing , 2015, ITP.

[103]  Mourad Badri,et al.  Supporting Formal Verification of DIMA Multi-Agents Models: towards a Framework Based on Maude Model Checking , 2008, Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng..

[104]  Haralambos Mouratidis,et al.  An architectural description language for secure Multi-Agent Systems , 2010, Web Intell. Agent Syst..

[105]  Jörg Desel,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency , 2013, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[106]  F. Belala,et al.  K Semantics for Dynamic Software Architectures , 2013 .

[107]  Peter Csaba Ölveczky,et al.  Formal Semantics and Analysis of Behavioral AADL Models in Real-Time Maude , 2010, FMOODS/FORTE.

[108]  Frank S. de Boer,et al.  On the Semantics and Verification of Normative Multi-Agent Systems , 2009, J. Univers. Comput. Sci..

[109]  Abla Chaouni Benabdellah,et al.  Supply Chain Challenges with Complex Adaptive System Perspective , 2018, WorldCIST.

[110]  Carlos Silva,et al.  Modeling Agent Periodic Routines in Agent-Based Social Simulation Using Colored Petri Nets , 2013, 2013 BRICS Congress on Computational Intelligence and 11th Brazilian Congress on Computational Intelligence.

[111]  Paulo Romero Martins Maciel,et al.  A Retargetable Environment for Power-Aware Code Evaluation: An Approach Based on Coloured Petri Net , 2005, PATMOS.