云南宣威、富源地区非吸烟女性肺癌生存分析

背景与目的 云南东部农村地区宣威市、富源县女性居民主要从事农业生产和家务工作,基本不吸烟,但肺癌死亡率却是世界上最高的,而且发病、死亡年龄提前。本研究对宣威、富源非吸烟女性肺癌生存状况及其影响因素进行分析。 方法 以2006年-2010年被当地省、市、县9家医院新诊断、并纳入“非吸烟女性肺癌病例对照研究项目”的常住户籍女性肺癌病例为研究对象随访至2016年末。通过Life-table法进行全部病例生存分析,评估人群相对生存率和年龄别标化相对生存率。应用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox比例风险模型分别进行单因素生存分析、分层分析和多因素分析。 结果 随访的1, 250例病例中,死亡1, 075例,删失175例,随访中位时间为69个月(95%CI: 61.9-76.0)。病例平均年龄(54.8±10.9)岁,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期和未知分期分别占3.5%、8.7%、20.7%、29.7%和37.4%;手术、非手术治疗和未治疗分别占17.2%、39.0%和43.8%,组织学、细胞学诊断占51.6%。中位生存时间13.2个月,5年观察生存率、相对生存率、年龄标化相对生存率分别为8.9%(95%CI: 7.0-10.6)、9.4%(95%CI: 7.6-11.5)和10.1%(95%CI: 3.7-20.5)。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、未分期5年生存率分别为41.1%、22.4%、5.3%、1.3%、11.2%;手术治疗、非手术治疗、未治疗分别为34.8%和3.2%、4.7%;腺癌、鳞癌分别为17.9%和5.6%。省级医院治疗、X线胸部筛查、非农民职业、城镇居住、65岁以下年龄等因素有利于提高生存率,而市县级医院治疗、农民职业、乡村居住、65岁以上年龄等则生存率较低。分层分析显示,任意原发灶-淋巴结-远处转移(tumor-node-metastasis, TNM)分期,无论腺癌或鳞癌患者,行手术治疗的生存率明显高于非手术治疗;与未治疗病例相比非手术治疗仅在Ⅲ期显示差异;腺癌生存率大于鳞癌不仅仅因为早期和手术病例较多,在Ⅲ期、未分期也显示明显生存优势。不同级别医院治疗疗效有明显差异,省级医院治疗的Ⅳ期、鳞癌的生存预后明显优于市、县级医院。Cox分析显示治疗方法、TNM分期、治疗医院级别、X线胸部筛查是独立预后因素,其中TNM分期、手术治疗对肺癌患者生存影响较大,而治疗医院级别、X胸部筛查相对较弱。 结论 宣威、富源非吸烟女性肺癌生存率较低,主要与其诊断时早期病例和手术、综合治疗较少、而未治疗病例较多有关,其次较差的农村社会经济、健康保障等也是生存预后的不利因素。

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