Patch Antenna of Self Similar Structure for Wearable Devices Operating Around 5.8 GHz

The applications of wearable medical devices are increasing day by day. They are now becoming an essential part of everyday human life starting from smart watch, smart phone to smart home. The main component of recent technology like the Internet of Things is the wearable devices. Inherently antenna is the essential part for all communicative devices. This paper focuses on antenna design which can be useful for wearable devices. Since they operate in close proximate to the human body, the radiation pattern, frequency of operation and power requirement of the designed antenna must be properly controlled. There are inherently some high frequency hazards of wearable devices which cannot be eliminated and the size of antenna is inversely proportional to frequency. Hence to compensate for these two contradictory requirements fractal designs are introduced, where the antenna can operate at relatively low frequency by essentially increasing the electrical length due to fractal structure. This paper presents the performance analysis or comparison of different iterations of antenna when fractal designs are introduced. The antenna operates around 5.8 GHz, which is a recommended frequency band for wearable devices by Federal Communications Commission (FCC). A high return loss is achieved which in turn indicates a measure of forward power propagation. The antenna is fabricated with FR4 substrate.