Electrical capacitance tomography as a monitoring tool for high-shear mixing and granulation

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) was utilized for monitoring of high-shear mixing and high-shear granulation processes. A finite element method (FEM)-based reconstruction algorithm was utilized to take into account the specific geometrical characteristics of the experimental set-up. Two-dimensional ECT tomograms, mixing index curves and permittivity fractions were computed based on the measurements, and their suitability in the analysis of the processes was assessed. It was found that the different mixing processes and the different granulation processes could be analyzed based on these quantities.

[1]  K. Miyanami,et al.  A fuzzy control system of high shear granulation using image processing , 2001 .

[2]  E. Somersalo,et al.  Statistical inversion and Monte Carlo sampling methods in electrical impedance tomography , 2000 .

[3]  Todd Pugsley,et al.  Application of electrical capacitance tomography to the fluidized bed drying of pharmaceutical granule , 2005 .

[4]  Robert Banasiak,et al.  Reply to comments on ‘Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements’ , 2007 .

[5]  Lihui Peng,et al.  Image reconstruction algorithms for electrical capacitance tomography , 2003 .

[6]  M. Spring.  The conductivity of the damp mass during the massing stage of the granulation process , 1983 .

[7]  Manuchehr Soleimani,et al.  THREE-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR INVERSION OF ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY DATA USING A COMPLETE SENSOR MODEL , 2010 .

[8]  Todd Pugsley,et al.  Tomographic imaging of a conical fluidized bed of dry pharmaceutical granule , 2006 .

[9]  H. Leuenberger,et al.  Power consumption profile analysis and tensile strength measurements during moist agglomeration. , 2003, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[10]  Brian S. Hoyle,et al.  Electrical capacitance tomography for flow imaging: system model for development of image reconstruction algorithms and design of primary sensors , 1992 .

[11]  Liang-Shih Fan,et al.  Horizontal gas and gas/solid jet penetration in a gas–solid fluidized bed , 2010 .

[12]  Jpk Seville,et al.  On control of particle size distribution in granulation using high-shear mixers , 2004 .

[13]  Daniel Watzenig,et al.  A review of statistical modelling and inference for electrical capacitance tomography , 2009 .

[14]  Yassir Makkawi,et al.  Fluidization regimes in a conventional fluidized bed characterized by means of electrical capacitance tomography , 2002 .

[15]  D. R. Rudd,et al.  Application of acoustic emission to the monitoring and end point determination of a high shear granulation process. , 2000, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[16]  Wuqiang Yang,et al.  Online measurement and control of solids moisture in fluidised bed dryers , 2009 .

[17]  Henri Berthiaux,et al.  Assessing the homogeneity of powder mixtures by on-line electrical capacitance , 2005 .

[18]  L. Augsburger,et al.  Instrumentation of a High-Shear Mixer: Evaluation and Comparison of a New Capacitive Sensor, a Watt Meter, and a Strain-Gage Torque Sensor for Wet Granulation Monitoring , 1992, Pharmaceutical Research.

[19]  B. J. Ennis,et al.  Nucleation, growth and breakage phenomena in agitated wet granulation processes: a review , 2001 .

[20]  W. Stagner,et al.  Computer-interfaced capacitive sensor for monitoring the granulation process. , 1984, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[21]  H. Leuenberger,et al.  Manufacturing pharmaceutical granules: Is the granulation end-point a myth? , 2009 .

[22]  P. Senior,et al.  Investigation of batch fluidized-bed drying by mathematical modeling, CFD simulation and ECT measurement , 2008 .

[23]  Magnus Fransson,et al.  Real-Time assessment of granule and tablet properties using in-line data from a high-shear granulation process. , 2008, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[24]  Robert Banasiak,et al.  Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements , 2007 .

[25]  James D. Litster,et al.  Growth regime map for liquid-bound granules: further development and experimental validation , 2001 .

[26]  Liang-Shih Fan,et al.  Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography , 2007, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[27]  Liang-Shih Fan,et al.  Some comments on ‘Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements’ , 2007 .

[28]  J. Rantanen,et al.  Use of in-line near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for improved understanding of pharmaceutical processes. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[29]  Jari P. Kaipio,et al.  Modelling of internal structures and electrodes in electrical process tomography , 2001 .

[30]  Lubomir Gradinarsky,et al.  In situ monitoring and control of moisture content in pharmaceutical powder processes using an open-ended coaxial probe , 2006 .