The Spectrum of SS 433 in the H and K Bands

SS 433 is an X-ray binary and the source of sub-relativistic, precessing, baryonic jets. We present high-resolution spectrograms of SS 433 in the infrared H and K bands. The spectrum is dominated by hydrogen and helium emission lines. The precession phase of the emission lines from the jet continues to be described by a constant period, . The limit on any secularly changing period is . The He i line has complex and variable P-Cygni absorption features produced by an inhomogeneous wind with a maximum outflow velocity near 900 km s−1. The He ii emission lines in the spectrum also arise in this wind. The higher members of the hydrogen Brackett lines show a double-peaked profile with symmetric wings extending more than ±1500 km s−1 from the line center. The lines display radial velocity variations in phase with the radial velocity variation expected of the compact star, and they show a distortion during disk eclipse that we interpret as a rotational distortion. We fit the line profiles with a model in which the emission comes from the surface of a symmetric, Keplerian accretion disk around the compact object. The outer edge of the disk has velocities that vary from 110 to 190 km s−1. These comparatively low velocities place an important constraint on the mass of the compact star: its mass must be less than and is probably less than .

[1]  Ronald N. Germain,et al.  Immune homeostasis enforced by co-localized effector and regulatory T cells , 2015, Nature.

[2]  J. Brinkmann,et al.  HIGH-RESOLUTION H-BAND SPECTROSCOPY OF Be STARS WITH SDSS-III/APOGEE. I. NEW Be STARS, LINE IDENTIFICATIONS, AND LINE PROFILES , 2014, 1409.4668.

[3]  Jeong-Yeol Han,et al.  Design and early performance of IGRINS (Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer) , 2014, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation.

[4]  E. Barsukova,et al.  Superbroad component in emission lines of SS 433 , 2013, 1311.4077.

[5]  M. Rupen,et al.  MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE SS 433 JETS , 2013, 1307.8427.

[6]  M. Bowler.  Yet more on the circumbinary disk of SS 433 (Research Note) , 2013, 1304.0354.

[7]  Dimitrios Psaltis,et al.  ON THE MASS DISTRIBUTION AND BIRTH MASSES OF NEUTRON STARS , 2012, 1201.1006.

[8]  V. Goranskij.  Photometric evidence for a neutron star in the system of SS 433 , 2012 .

[9]  D. Figer,et al.  Infrared diffuse interstellar bands in the Galactic Centre region , 2011, Nature.

[10]  M. Bowler.  SS 433: the wiggle of the wind , 2011, 1107.4533.

[11]  Hyosun Kim.  GRAVITATIONALLY INDUCED DENSITY WAKE OF A CIRCULARLY ORBITING OBJECT AS AN INTERPRETATIVE FRAMEWORK OF UBIQUITOUS SPIRALS AND ARCS , 2011, 1107.2929.

[12]  D. H. Roberts,et al.  STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE PRECESSING JET SYSTEM SS 433. III. EVOLUTION OF THE INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS OF THE JETS FROM A DEEP MULTI-EPOCH VERY LARGE ARRAY CAMPAIGN , 2011, 1102.1338.

[13]  SS 433's circumbinary ring and accretion disc viewed through its attenuating disc wind , 2010, 1003.2398.

[14]  S. Fabrika,et al.  SUBARU AND GEMINI OBSERVATIONS OF SS 433: NEW CONSTRAINT ON THE MASS OF THE COMPACT OBJECT , 2009, 0912.2797.

[15]  M. Bowler.  SS 433: the accretion disk revealed in Hα , 2009, 0912.2428.

[16]  K. Blundell,et al.  THE PRECESSION OF SS433's RADIO RUFF ON LONG TIMESCALES , 2009, 0905.1648.

[17]  K. Blundell,et al.  Inflow and outflow from the accretion disc of the microquasar SS 433: UKIRT spectroscopy , 2009, 0904.4228.

[18]  K. Blundell,et al.  SS 433: Observation of the Circumbinary Disk and Extraction of the System Mass , 2008, 0803.0642.

[19]  D. H. Roberts,et al.  Structure and Magnetic Fields in the Precessing Jet System SS 433. I. Multifrequency Imaging from 1998 , 2007, 0712.2005.

[20]  J. Clark,et al.  On the circumstellar environment of SS433 , 2007 .

[21]  D. Gies,et al.  Spectroscopic Observations of the Mass Donor Star in SS 433 , 2007, 0711.4348.

[22]  K. Blundell,et al.  On the Binary Nature of SS 433 , 2006 .

[23]  M. Klis,et al.  Rapid X-ray variability , 2006 .

[24]  D. Steeghs,et al.  On the origin of the absorption features in SS 433 , 2005, astro-ph/0510448.

[25]  N. Kawai,et al.  A Massive Jet Ejection Event from the Microquasar SS 433 Accompanying Rapid X-Ray Variability , 2005, astro-ph/0509411.

[26]  J. Casares,et al.  Fundamental parameters of low mass X-ray binaries II: X-ray persistent systems , 2005, astro-ph/0506587.

[27]  N. Kawai,et al.  XMM-Newton observations of SS 433 I. EPIC spectral analysis , 2005 .

[28]  L. Bildsten,et al.  New Views of Thermonuclear Bursts , 2003, astro-ph/0301544.

[29]  M. McSwain,et al.  The Spectrum of the Mass Donor Star in SS 433 , 2002, astro-ph/0208044.

[30]  K. Blundell,et al.  Images of an Equatorial Outflow in SS 433 , 2001, astro-ph/0109504.

[31]  R. Riddle,et al.  The Spectral Components of SS 433 , 2001, astro-ph/0109487.

[32]  P. B. Cameron,et al.  Twenty Years of Timing SS 433 , 2001, astro-ph/0107296.

[33]  J. Patterson.  Accretion‐Disk Precession and Substellar Secondaries in Cataclysmic Variables , 2001 .

[34]  I. Mirabel,et al.  Sources of Relativistic Jets in the Galaxy , 1999, astro-ph/9902062.

[35]  R. Gomer,et al.  Doppler signatures of Hα flares in AE Aquarii , 1998 .

[36]  S. Fabrika.  The Supercritical Accretion Disk of SS 433 , 1997 .

[37]  N. Kawai,et al.  Iron-Line Diagnostics of the Jets of SS 433 , 1996 .

[38]  B. Warner.  Cataclysmic Variable Stars by Brian Warner , 1995 .

[39]  S. Saar,et al.  Rotation and emission lines in stars and accretion disks , 1991 .

[40]  J. B. Oke,et al.  The Black Hole A0620-00 and Its Accretion Disk , 1989 .

[41]  R. Blandford,et al.  Possible evidence for disk emission in SS 433 , 1988 .

[42]  K. Sawada,et al.  Spiral shocks on a Roche lobe overflow in a semi-detached binary system , 1986 .

[43]  M. Rees,et al.  The radiative acceleration of astrophysical jets: line locking in SS 433 , 1986 .

[44]  D. Raine,et al.  Accretion power in astrophysics , 1985 .

[45]  Bruce Margon,et al.  Observations of SS 433 , 1984 .

[46]  S. Anderson,et al.  Nodding motions of accretion rings and disks - A short-term period in SS 433 , 1982 .

[47]  R. Stover.  Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Cataclysmic Variables - U-Geminorum , 1981 .

[48]  J. Smak.  On the emission lines from rotating gaseous disks. , 1981 .

[49]  D. Crampton,et al.  Optical observations of the “stationary” emission and absorption line systems , 1981 .

[50]  D. H. Clark,et al.  The optical spectrum of SS 433 , 1980 .

[51]  C. W. Mcalary,et al.  Infrared spectrophotometry of SS 433 , 1980 .

[52]  Rodger I. Thompson,et al.  1.2-2.5 micron spectroscopy, photometry, and polarimetry of SS 433 , 1979 .

[53]  Bruce Margon,et al.  Enormous periodic Doppler shifts in SS 433 , 1979 .

[54]  G. Abell,et al.  A kinematic model for SS433 , 1979, Nature.

[55]  J. Angel,et al.  The moving emission features in SS433 require a dynamical interpretation , 1979, Nature.

[56]  H. Ford,et al.  The bizarre spectrum of SS 433. , 1979 .

[57]  M. Rees,et al.  SS 433: a double jet in action? , 1979 .

[58]  R. P. Kraft.  The Binary System Nova DQ Herculis. II. an Interpretation of the Spectrum during the Eclipse Cycle. , 1959 .

[59]  J. Greenstein,et al.  The Binary System Nova DQ Herculis. I. The Spectrum and Radial Velocity during the Eclipse Cycle. , 1959 .