Novel biomarkers for prostate cancer including noncoding transcripts.

Levels of 27 transcripts were investigated as potential novel markers for prostate cancer, including genes encoding plasma membrane proteins (ADAM2, ELOVL5, MARCKSL1, RAMP1, TMEM30A, and TMEM66); secreted proteins (SPON2, TMEM30A, TMEM66, and truncated TMEFF2 (called POP4)); intracellular proteins (CAMK2N1, DHCR24, GLO1, NGFRAP1, PGK1, PSMA7, SBDS, and YWHAQ); and noncoding transcripts (POP1 (100 kb) from mRNA AK000023), POP2 (4 kb from mRNA AL832227), POP3 (50 kb from EST CFI40309), POP5 (intron of NCAM2, accession DO668384), POP6 (intron of FHIT), POP7 (intron of TNFAIP8), POP8 (intron of EFNA5), POP9 (intron of DSTN), POP10 (intron of ADAM2, accession DO668396), POP11 (87kb from EST BG194644), and POP12 (intron of EST BQ226050)). Expression of POP3 was prostate specific, whereas ADAM2, POP1, POP4, POP10, ELOVL5, RAMP1, and SPON2 had limited tissue expression. ELOVL5, MARCKSL1, NGFRAP1, PGK1, POP2, POP5, POP8, PSMA7, RAMP1, and SPON2 were significantly differentially expressed between laser microdissected malignant versus benign clinical samples of prostate tissue. PGK1, POP2, and POP12 correlated to clinical parameters. Levels of CAMK2N1, GLO1, SDBS, and TMEM30A transcripts tended to be increased in primary prostate cancer from patients who later had biochemical failure. Expression of GLO1, DHCR24, NGFRAP1, KLK3, and RAMP1 were significantly decreased in metastatic castration-recurrent disease compared with androgen-dependent primary prostate cancer. These novel potential biomarkers may therefore be useful in the diagnosis/prognosis of prostate cancer.

[1]  Daniel B. Martin,et al.  Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[2]  J. McDonald,et al.  Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II regulates notch‐1 signaling in prostate cancer cells , 2009, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[3]  Ziding Feng,et al.  Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. , 2006, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[4]  D. Johnston,et al.  Establishment of two human prostate cancer cell lines derived from a single bone metastasis. , 1997, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[5]  Karen E. Knudsen,et al.  AR, the cell cycle, and prostate cancer , 2008, Nuclear Receptor Signaling.

[6]  G. Murphy,et al.  Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA): current benefits and future value. , 2000, Seminars in surgical oncology.

[7]  J. Tchinda,et al.  Recurrent Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS Transcription Factor Genes in Prostate Cancer , 2005, Science.

[8]  W. McGuire,et al.  MCF-7: A human breast cancer cell line with estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors , 1975, Steroids.

[9]  D. Beyer,et al.  The evolving role of prostate brachytherapy. , 2001, Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.

[10]  Hans R. Waterham,et al.  Mutations in the 3β-Hydroxysterol Δ24-Reductase Gene Cause Desmosterolosis, an Autosomal Recessive Disorder of Cholesterol Biosynthesis , 2001 .

[11]  H. Tazaki,et al.  Glyoxalase I activity in human prostate cancer: a potential marker and importance in chemotherapy. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[12]  E. Latulippe,et al.  Comprehensive gene expression analysis of prostate cancer reveals distinct transcriptional programs associated with metastatic disease. , 2002, Cancer research.

[13]  J. Lechner,et al.  Establishment and characterization of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3). , 1979, Investigative urology.

[14]  Y. Liao,et al.  The proteasome subunit PSMA7 located on the 20q13 amplicon is overexpressed and associated with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. , 2008, Oncology reports.

[15]  G. Jenster,et al.  Evolution of the androgen receptor pathway during progression of prostate cancer. , 2006, Cancer research.

[16]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Human prostate cancer risk factors , 2004, Cancer.

[17]  S. Dhanasekaran,et al.  Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer , 2001, Nature.

[18]  Nan Li,et al.  A Novel Endogenous Human CaMKII Inhibitory Protein Suppresses Tumor Growth by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest via p27 Stabilization* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  H. Tazaki,et al.  A possible regulatory role of glyoxalase I in cell viability of human prostate cancer , 2002, Urological Research.

[20]  S. Dhanasekaran,et al.  The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer , 2002, Nature.

[21]  Sang Eun Lee,et al.  Prognostic significance of the nadir prostate specific antigen level after hormone therapy for prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[22]  P. Avner,et al.  Employment opportunities for non‐coding RNAs , 2004, FEBS letters.

[23]  M. Wirth,et al.  Quantitative multi‐gene expression profiling of primary prostate cancer , 2006 .

[24]  M. Sadar,et al.  Characterization of a new in vivo hollow fiber model for the study of progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence. , 2002, Molecular cancer therapeutics.

[25]  R. Millikan,et al.  Prostate cancer progression in the presence of undetectable or low serum prostate‐specific antigen level , 2007, Cancer.

[26]  T. Tsuruo,et al.  Glyoxalase I is involved in resistance of human leukemia cells to antitumor agent-induced apoptosis. , 2000, Blood.

[27]  Leonard S. Marks,et al.  APTIMA PCA3 molecular urine test: development of a method to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. , 2006, Clinical chemistry.

[28]  C. Huggins,et al.  Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate , 1941, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[29]  A. Thomson,et al.  Hormonal, cellular, and molecular regulation of normal and neoplastic prostatic development , 2004, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[30]  D. Bumcrot,et al.  Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II plays an important role in prostate cancer cell survival , 2007, Cancer biology & therapy.

[31]  N. Bander.  Technology Insight: monoclonal antibody imaging of prostate cancer , 2006, Nature Clinical Practice Urology.

[32]  W. Dahut,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2005, JAMA.

[33]  D. Grignon,et al.  EPIDEMOLOGY OF HIGH GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA , 1995 .

[34]  H. Shwachman,et al.  THE SYNDROME OF PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY AND BONE MARROW DYSFUNCTION. , 1964, The Journal of pediatrics.

[35]  J. Geller.  Rationale for blockade of adrenal as well as testicular androgens in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. , 1985, Seminars in oncology.

[36]  Nan Li,et al.  Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Promotes Cell Cycle Progression by Directly Activating MEK1 and Subsequently Modulating p27 Phosphorylation* , 2009, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[37]  Chawnshang Chang,et al.  Proteasome Activity Is Required for Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity via Regulation of Androgen Receptor Nuclear Translocation and Interaction with Coregulators in Prostate Cancer Cells* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[38]  Ashutosh Tewari,et al.  Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: conventional and robotic. , 2005, Urology.

[39]  A. Hanlon,et al.  Update on the treatment of prostate cancer with external beam irradiation , 1998, The Prostate.

[40]  T. A. Morris,et al.  CaMK-II inhibition reduces cyclin D1 levels and enhances the association of p27kip1 with Cdk2 to cause G1 arrest in NIH 3T3 cells. , 1998, Experimental cell research.

[41]  P. Goodman,et al.  A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  Michael Costanzo,et al.  The Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein mediates translational activation of ribosomes in yeast , 2007, Nature Genetics.

[43]  K. Cho,et al.  Identification of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Expression in Peripheral Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study , 2007, Yonsei medical journal.

[44]  J. Beyene,et al.  SBDS-deficient cells undergo accelerated apoptosis through the Fas-pathway , 2008, Haematologica.

[45]  Chaowei Wu,et al.  Regulation of cellular response to oncogenic and oxidative stress by Seladin-1 , 2004, Nature.

[46]  M. Corey,et al.  Shwachman syndrome: phenotypic manifestations of sibling sets and isolated cases in a large patient cohort are similar. , 1999, The Journal of pediatrics.

[47]  Akiko Shimamura,et al.  The human Shwachman-Diamond syndrome protein, SBDS, associates with ribosomal RNA. , 2007, Blood.

[48]  S. Schwartz,et al.  A new human prostate carcinoma cell line, 22Rv1 , 1999, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal.

[49]  I. Tannock,et al.  Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[50]  Louis Potters,et al.  Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[51]  Michael M Lieber,et al.  The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  K. Gish,et al.  Survival analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles of prostate cancers identifies new prognostic targets of disease relapse. , 2003, Cancer research.

[53]  T. Stamey,et al.  Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate , 1987 .

[54]  Aaron P. Campbell,et al.  Suppression subtractive hybridization: a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[55]  M. Freedman,et al.  Shwachman–Diamond Syndrome , 2002, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[56]  Seongjoon Koo,et al.  PCA3: a molecular urine assay for predicting prostate biopsy outcome. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[57]  J. Gohagan,et al.  Prostate‐specific antigen velocity and prostate cancer gleason grade and stage , 2007, Cancer.

[58]  A W Partin,et al.  Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. , 1999, JAMA.

[59]  G. Murphy,et al.  LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma. , 1983, Cancer research.

[60]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  Gene expression profiling identifies clinically relevant subtypes of prostate cancer. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[61]  J. Favaloro,et al.  Effect of the androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism on transcriptional activity: specificity in prostate and non-prostate cell lines. , 2000, Journal of molecular endocrinology.

[62]  C. Bucana,et al.  Elevated expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer membrane leaflet of human tumor cells and recognition by activated human blood monocytes. , 1991, Cancer research.

[63]  C. Tangen,et al.  Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[64]  V. Talesa,et al.  Alteration of glyoxalases gene expression in response to testosterone in LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells , 2007 .

[65]  C. Paulusma,et al.  ATP8B1 requires an accessory protein for endoplasmic reticulum exit and plasma membrane lipid flippase activity , 2007, Hepatology.

[66]  E. Messing,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: Current status and future prospects , 2004, The Prostate.

[67]  N. Ip,et al.  DNA linkage analysis and studies of the androgen receptor gene in a large kindred with complete androgen insensitivity. , 1990, American journal of medical genetics.

[68]  D. Paulson,et al.  Isolation of a human prostate carcinoma cell line (DU 145) , 1978, International journal of cancer.

[69]  J. Crowley,et al.  Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[70]  Andrew J. Vickers,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring , 2008, Nature Reviews Cancer.