A daily diary study

We collected daily diary data from 165 couples (N = 330) in romantic relationships to examine how working to change the relationship and relational uncertainty influence positive relationship quality (i.e., closeness, satisfaction, and commitment). We used concepts from the investment model and literature on relationship maintenance and relational uncertainty. As hypothesized, we found a positive association between working to change the relationship and relationship quality. Further, this association was stronger on days in which individuals reported lower relational uncertainty, but significantly weaker on days in which individuals reported higher relational uncertainty. We discuss what it means for individuals to report more positive relationship quality when they make more relational investments and feel more certain about their relationship.

[1]  James M. Honeycutt Components and Functions of Communication During Initial Interaction, With Extrapolations to Beyond , 1993 .

[2]  Ted L. Huston,et al.  Behavioral buffers on the effect of negativity on marital satisfaction: A longitudinal study. , 1994 .

[3]  C. Berger,et al.  SOME EXPLORATIONS IN INITIAL INTERACTION AND BEYOND: TOWARD A DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION , 1975 .

[4]  S. N. Hira,et al.  Improving intimate relationships: Targeting the partner versus changing the self , 2011 .

[5]  Shelly L. Gable,et al.  Giving up and giving in: the costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships. , 2005, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[6]  Roel Bosker,et al.  Multilevel analysis : an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling , 1999 .

[7]  G. H. Stamp,et al.  “Our first big fight” as a milestone in the development of close relationships , 1994 .

[8]  N. Bolger,et al.  Diary methods: capturing life as it is lived. , 2003, Annual review of psychology.

[9]  J. G. Holmes,et al.  The architecture of interdependent minds: A Motivation-management theory of mutual responsiveness. , 2009, Psychological review.

[10]  X. Arriaga The ups and downs of dating: fluctuations in satisfaction in newly formed romantic relationships. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[11]  Denise Haunani Solomon,et al.  Relational Uncertainty and Relational Information Processing , 2005, Commun. Res..

[12]  S. Niehuis,et al.  Using Online Methods and Designs to Conduct Research on Personal Relationships , 2009 .

[13]  Laura Stafford Maintaining Romantic Relationships: A Summary and Analysis of One Research Program , 2003 .

[14]  Melissa A. Curran,et al.  An Exploratory Study of the Meaning of Marriage for African Americans , 2010 .

[15]  Leslie A. Baxter,et al.  Gender Differences in the Hetero-Sexual Relationship Rules Embedded in Break-Up Accounts , 1986 .

[16]  Craig K. Enders,et al.  Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue. , 2007, Psychological methods.

[17]  N. Bolger,et al.  Using diary methods to study marital and family processes. , 2005, Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

[18]  D. Annis Dyadic Data Analysis , 2007 .

[19]  Caryl E. Rusbult,et al.  The investment model: An interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance phenomena. , 1994 .

[20]  Leanne K. Knobloch,et al.  Responses to changes in relational uncertainty within dating relationships: Emotions and communication strategies , 2003 .

[21]  Laura Stafford,et al.  Maintenance Strategies and Romantic Relationship Type, Gender and Relational Characteristics , 1991 .

[22]  R. Houts,et al.  The connubial crucible: newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[23]  M. Fitzpatrick A Typological Approach to Marital Interaction: Recent Theory and Research , 1984 .

[24]  Steven W. Duck,et al.  Some Evident Truths About Conversations in Everyday Relationships All Communications Are Not Created Equal , 1991 .

[25]  M. Dainton,et al.  Routine and strategic maintenance efforts: behavioral patterns, variations associated with relational length, and the prediction of relational characteristics , 2002 .

[26]  C. Rusbult Commitment and Satisfaction in Romantic Associations: A Test of the investment Model , 1980 .

[27]  Daniel J. Weigel,et al.  Relational Maintenance, Satisfaction, and Commitment in Marriages: An Actor-Partner Analysis , 2008 .

[28]  L. Baxter,et al.  Relating: Dialogues and Dialectics , 1996 .

[29]  Leanne K. Knobloch,et al.  The role of relational uncertainty in depressive symptoms and relationship quality , 2010 .

[30]  Leanne K. Knobloch The content of relational uncertainty within marriage , 2008 .

[31]  K. Dindia,et al.  Definitions and Theoretical Perspectives on Maintaining Relationships , 1993 .

[32]  T. Huston Courtship antecedents of marital satisfaction and love. , 1994 .

[33]  Leanne K. Knobloch,et al.  Relationship Uncertainty, Partner Interference, and Intimacy within Dating Relationships , 2001 .

[34]  Laura Stafford,et al.  Maintaining relationships through strategic and routine interaction. , 1994 .

[35]  Melissa A. Curran,et al.  Effects of participation in a longitudinal study of dating , 2009 .

[36]  J. Singer,et al.  Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis , 2003 .

[37]  Benjamin Le,et al.  Thinking about commitment: Accessibility of commitment and prediction of relationship persistence, accommodation, and willingness to sacrifice , 2005 .

[38]  Denise Haunani Solomon,et al.  Measuring the sources and content of relational uncertainty , 1999 .

[39]  L. Baxter,et al.  Strategies for Maintaining and Repairing Marital Relationships , 1987 .

[40]  Harold H. Kelley,et al.  5 – Conflict in the Development of Close Relationships1 , 1979 .

[41]  Barbara M. Montgomery Relationship Maintenance versus Relationship Change: A Dialectical Dilemma , 1993 .

[42]  S. Duck,et al.  Steady as (s)he goes: Relational maintenance as a shared meaning system. , 1994 .

[43]  Leanne K. Knobloch,et al.  Information Seeking Beyond Initial Interaction: Negotiating Relational Uncertainty within Close Relationships , 2002 .

[44]  Jennifer A. Theiss,et al.  Relational Uncertainty and Relationship Talk within Courtship: A Longitudinal Actor–Partner Interdependence Model , 2011 .

[45]  Melissa A. Curran,et al.  Associations Between Marital Meaning and Reasons to Delay Marriage for Young Adults in Romantic Relationships , 2012 .

[46]  Daniel J. Canary,et al.  The effect of uncertainty reducing strategies on young couples' relational repair and intimacy , 1996 .

[47]  J. G. Holmes,et al.  Fostering partner dependence as trust insurance: the implicit contingencies of the exchange script in close relationships. , 2009, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[48]  Leanne K. Knobloch,et al.  Intimacy and the magnitude and experience of episodic relational uncertainty within romantic relationships , 2002 .

[49]  Judee K. Burgoon,et al.  "We never talk about that": A comparison of cross-sex friendships and dating relationships on uncertainty and topic avoidance , 1998 .

[50]  James M. Honeycutt,et al.  Events That Increase Uncertainty in Personal Relationships II Replication and Extension , 1988 .

[51]  B. Volling,et al.  The Role of Husbands’ and Wives’ Emotional Expressivity in the Marital Relationship , 2005 .

[52]  Laura Stafford,et al.  A Panel Study of the Associations Between Maintenance Strategies and Relational Characteristics , 2002 .

[53]  Emily Butler,et al.  Daily hassles and uplifts: a diary study on understanding relationship quality. , 2012, Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

[54]  James M. Honeycutt EVENTS THAT INCREASE UNCERTAINTY IN PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS SALLY PLANALP , 1985 .

[55]  Laura Stafford,et al.  Routine Maintenance Behaviors: A Comparison of Relationship Type, Partner Similarity and Sex Differences , 1993 .

[56]  Brian G. Ogolsky Deconstructing the association between relationship maintenance and commitment: Testing two competing models , 2009 .

[57]  C. Rusbult American Psychological Association, Inc. A Longitudinal Test of the Investment Model: The Development (and Deterioration) of Satisfaction and Commitment in Heterosexual Involvements , 2022 .

[58]  C. Rusbult Responses to dissatisfaction in close relationships: The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model. , 1987 .

[59]  Larry E. Toothaker,et al.  Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions , 1991 .