Chapter 1 - Discrete-Trial Training Techniques and Stimulus Variables1

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the factors known to govern the efficiency with which the nonhuman primates learn in situations that involve a trial-by-trial approach. The variables of interest are the nature of the cues, their modes of presentation to the subject, and the spatiotemporal relations of cues to responses and rewards. There now is a most substantial body of research related to this group of variables, and it has been shown that very powerful effects can be produced by their manipulation. The chapter also presents methods that involve the use of discriminanda and presents experiments in which the visual cues are of a fairly complex nature.

[1]  V. J. Polidora,et al.  AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF S-R SPATIAL CONTIGUITY FOR PROFICIENT PRIMATE DISCRIMINATION PERFORMANCE. , 1964, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[2]  H. Harlow,et al.  Persistence of performance differences on discriminations of varying difficulty. , 1955, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[3]  A. Riopelle Facilities of the Emory University Primate Behavior Laboratory , 1954 .

[4]  Direct manipulation of the relevant cue and difficulty of discrimination. , 1957, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[5]  H. Harlow Studies in Discrimination Learning By Monkeys: III. Factors Influencing The Facility Of Solution Of Discrimination Problems By Rhesus Monkeys , 1945 .

[6]  G. Berkson Food motivation and delayed response in gibbons. , 1962, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[7]  Murphy Jv,et al.  The effect of spatial contiguity of cue and reward in the object-quality learning of rhesus monkeys. , 1955 .

[8]  H. Harlow,et al.  The effect of spatial contiguity on discrimination learning by rhesus monkeys. , 1954, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[9]  H F HARLOW,et al.  Effect of amount of incentive on discrimination learning by monkeys. , 1956, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[10]  R. C. Miles Discrimination in the squirrel monkey as a function of deprivation and problem difficulty. , 1959, Journal of experimental psychology.

[11]  K. Spence Analysis of the formation of visual discrimination habits in chimpanzee. , 1937 .

[12]  Riopelle Aj,et al.  Discrimination of concentric-ring patterns by monkeys. , 1958 .

[13]  C. Gross EFFECT OF DEPRIVATION ON DELAYED RESPONSE AND DELAYED ALTERNATION PERFORMANCE BY NORMAL AND BRAIN OPERATED MONKEYS1 , 1963 .

[14]  D R MEYER,et al.  The effects of differential rewards on discrimination reversal learning by monkeys. , 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

[15]  R. Leary Homogeneous and heterogeneous reward of monkeys. , 1958, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[16]  G. L. Pressman,et al.  An Automated Discrimination Apparatus for Discrete Trial Analysis (Dadta) , 1962 .

[17]  M. Mishkin,et al.  Comparison of the effects of frontal and caudate lesions on delayed response and alternation in monkeys. , 1960, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[18]  H. Harlow Studies in Discrimination Learning by Monkeys: IV. Relative Difficulty of Discriminations Between Stimulus-Objects and Between Comparable Patterns with Homogeneous and with Heterogeneous Grounds , 1945 .

[19]  M. Jarvik Simple color discrimination in chimpanzees: effect of varying contiguity between cue and incentive. , 1956, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[20]  H. M. Johnson Visual pattern-discrimination in the vertebrates. 1. Problems and methods , 1914 .

[21]  M E PETERSON,et al.  Role of Object-Contact Cues in Learning-Set Formation in Squirrel Monkeys , 1963, Perceptual and motor skills.

[22]  A. M. Schrier,et al.  Discrimination learning by monkeys with spatial separation of cue and response. , 1962, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[23]  H. Harlow,et al.  The formation of learning sets. , 1949, Psychological review.

[24]  H. Klüver Certain Effects of Lesions of the Occipital Lobes in Macaques , 1937 .

[25]  J. Schuck,et al.  Effects of spatial stimulus arrangements upon discrimination learning by monkeys. , 1961, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[26]  H. M. Johnson Visual pattern-discrimination in the vertebrates - IV: Effective differences in direction of visible striae for the monkey and the chick. , 1916 .

[27]  A. M. Schrier,et al.  TITRATION OF SPATIAL S-R SEPARATION IN DISCRIMINATION BY MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA). , 1963, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[28]  V. J. Polidora,et al.  Response location as a factor in primate pattern discrimination. , 1961, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[29]  F R TREICHLER,et al.  An assessment of automatically dispensed primate reinforcers. , 1962, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[30]  H. Harlow,et al.  Formation and transfer of discrimination learning sets. , 1952, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[31]  Warren Jm Perceptual dominance in discrimination learning by monkeys. , 1954 .

[32]  Warren Jm The influence of area and arrangement on visual pattern discrimination by monkeys. , 1953 .

[33]  David G. McConnell,et al.  Automatic Reading and Recording of Digital Data in the Analysis of Primate Behavior , 1959 .

[34]  V J POLIDORA,et al.  PUNCHED CARD PROGRAMMING AND RECORDING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN THE AUTOMATION OF THE WATA. , 1963, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[35]  Warren Jm Effect of geometrical regularity on visual form discrimination by monkeys. , 1953 .

[36]  Warren Jm,et al.  Additivity of cues in visual pattern discriminations by monkeys. , 1953 .

[37]  H. Harlow,et al.  Effects of multiple variables on delayed response performance by monkeys. , 1952, The Journal of genetic psychology.

[38]  J. Schuck Pattern discrimination and visual sampling by the monkey. , 1960, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[39]  H. Harlow Studies in Discrimination Learning in Monkeys: V. Initial Performance by Experimentally Naive Monkeys on Stimulus-Object and Pattern Discriminations , 1945 .

[40]  Louis W. Gellermann Form Discrimination in Chimpanzees and Two-Year-Old Children: II. Form Versus Background , 1933 .

[41]  H. Harlow,et al.  A test-apparatus for monkeys , 1938 .

[42]  D. Meyer,et al.  Effects of response-induced stimulus change on primate discrimination learning. , 1962, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[43]  R. Miller,et al.  Effect of the spatial relationship between cue, reward, and response in simple discrimination learning. , 1958, Journal of experimental psychology.

[44]  H. Harlow,et al.  Incentive size, food deprivation, and food preference. , 1953, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[45]  A. M. Schrier Comparison of two methods of investigating the effect of amount of reward on performance. , 1958, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[46]  J. Warren Some stimulus variables affecting the discrimination of objects by monkeys. , 1956, The Journal of genetic psychology.

[47]  M. Jarvik Discrimination of colored food signs by primates. , 1953 .

[48]  H. Harlow,et al.  The development of transfer of response to patterning by monkeys. , 1949, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[49]  W. O. Jenkins A spatial factor in chimpanzee learning. , 1943 .

[50]  H. Harlow,et al.  Paired-comparisons scales for monkey rewards. , 1952, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[51]  V. J. Polidora,et al.  Effects of spatial S-R contiguity and response delay upon discriminative performances by monkeys. , 1961, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[52]  A Modified Version of the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus , 1961 .

[53]  Harry F. Harlow,et al.  Studies in Discrimination Learning by Monkeys: I. The Learning of Discrimination Series and the Reversal of Discrimination Series , 1944 .

[54]  R. T. Davis Problem-solving behavior of monkeys as a function of work variables. , 1956, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[55]  B. Weinstein Matching-from-sample by rhesus monkeys and by children. , 1941 .

[56]  Louis W. Gellermann Form Discrimination in Chimpanzees and Two-Year-Old Children: I. Form (Triangularity) Per Se , 1933 .

[57]  D. Meyer,et al.  Effects of stimulus-response isolation on primate pattern discrimination learning. , 1962, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[58]  H. Harlow Studies in discrimination learning by monkeys; discriminations between stimuli differing in both color and form, and only in color, and only in form. , 1945, The Journal of general psychology.