Influence of Cohesion on River Bed Scour in the Wake Region of Piers

AbstractStudies on scour in the wake region of piers in cohesive sediments containing gravel were not reported in literature, to the best of our knowledge. Results from the laboratory experiments based study on the process of wake scour are presented here. The sediment used for the experiment were of two types: (1) fine gravel mixed with clay in proportions varying from 20% to 60% by weight, and (2) fine gravel and fine sand in equal proportion by weight mixed with clay in proportions varying from 20% to 60% by weight. The experiments revealed that the process of scour as well as depth, shape, and geometry of scour hole developed in such cohesive sediment were significantly different from that of cohesionless sediments. Proportion of clay fraction and unconfined compressive strength of cohesive sediment mixture were found to be the most significant variables controlling the depth of scour in the wake of piers. On the basis of dimensional considerations, relationships have been proposed for the estimation ...

[1]  António H. Cardoso,et al.  Effects of Time and Channel Geometry on Scour at Bridge Abutments , 1999 .

[2]  M. A. Stevens,et al.  Wake Vortex Scour at Bridge Piers , 1991 .

[3]  A. J. Sutherland,et al.  DESIGN METHOD FOR LOCAL SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS , 1988 .

[4]  Postoperation Performance of the Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme in Storm Events: 2D Hydraulic Analysis and Field Verification , 2014 .

[5]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Influence of cohesion on suspended load transport of non-uniform sediments , 2010 .

[6]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Influence of cohesion on scour under submerged circular vertical jets , 2003 .

[7]  H W Shen,et al.  MECHANICS OF LOCAL SCOUR , 1966 .

[8]  G. J. Hanson,et al.  SURFACE ERODIBILITY OF EARTHEN CHANNELS AT HIGH STRESSES PART I - OPEN CHANNEL TESTING , 1990 .

[9]  Ashish Kumar,et al.  Temporal Variation of Scour around Circular Compound Piers , 2012 .

[10]  Wen-Yi Chang,et al.  EVOLUTION OF SCOUR DEPTH AT CIRCULAR BRIDGE PIERS , 2004 .

[11]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Cohesion influences on erosion and bed load transport , 2009 .

[12]  Robert Ettema,et al.  Clear‐Water Scour at Cylindrical Piers , 1983 .

[13]  Yixuan Li,et al.  SRICOS: PREDICTION OF SCOUR RATE AT BRIDGE PIERS , 1999 .

[14]  Nallamuthu Rajaratnam,et al.  Observations on Flow around Bridge Abutment , 2000 .

[15]  Luca Cozzolino,et al.  Novel Numerical Approach for 1D Variable Density Shallow Flows over Uneven Rigid and Erodible Beds , 2014 .

[16]  Robert Ettema,et al.  SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS , 1980 .

[17]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Influence of cohesion on the incipient motion condition of sediment mixtures , 2008 .

[18]  Willi H. Hager,et al.  Generalized Approach for Clear-Water Scour at Bridge Foundation Elements , 2007 .

[19]  Nallamuthu Rajaratnam,et al.  Scour of Cohesive Soil by Submerged Circular Turbulent Impinging Jets , 2001 .

[20]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Influence of cohesion on scour around bridge piers , 2002 .

[21]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigations on degradation of channel bed of cohesive sediment mixtures , 2010 .

[22]  G. J. Hanson,et al.  Large-scale headcut erosion testing , 1995 .

[23]  Daryl B. Simons,et al.  Sediment transport technology , 1977 .

[24]  U. C. Kothyari,et al.  Scour around spur dikes and bridge abutments , 2001 .

[25]  Kittur G. Ranga Raju,et al.  TEMPORAL, VARIATION OF SCOUR AROUND CIRCULAR BRIDGE PIERS , 1992 .

[26]  Raphael Crowley,et al.  Computational Modeling of Bed Material Shear Stresses in Piston-Type Erosion Rate Testing Devices , 2014 .

[27]  I. R. Willoughby,et al.  Local scour around large obstructions , 1990 .

[28]  Emmett M. Laursen,et al.  Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments , 1956 .

[29]  G. J. Hanson,et al.  Lessons Learned using Laboratory JET Method to Measure Soil Erodibility of Compacted Soils , 2007 .

[30]  Subhasish Dey,et al.  Hydraulics of Submerged Jet Subject to Change in Cohesive Bed Geometry , 2003 .

[31]  Nallamuthu Rajaratnam,et al.  Scour of a cohesive soil by submerged plane turbulent wall jets , 2003 .

[33]  Mufeed Odeh,et al.  Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments , 2004 .

[34]  G. Tan,et al.  Experimental Study of Scour Rate in Consolidated Cohesive Sediment , 2010 .

[35]  M. Selim Yalin,et al.  Mechanics of sediment transport , 1972 .

[36]  Chih Ted Yang,et al.  Sediment Transport in the Yellow River , 1996 .

[37]  Willi H. Hager,et al.  Further Results to Time-Dependent Local Scour at Bridge Elements , 2005 .

[38]  Willi H. Hager,et al.  Bridge Pier Scour under Flood Waves , 2010 .

[39]  Jean-Louis Briaud,et al.  Stochastic Flow Analysis for Predicting River Scour of Cohesive Soils , 2006 .

[40]  Luigi Berardi,et al.  Modeling Local Water Storages Delivering Customer Demands in WDN Models , 2014 .

[41]  Ashish Kumar,et al.  Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics within the Scour Hole around Circular Uniform and Compound Piers , 2012 .

[42]  Bruce W. Melville,et al.  Evaluation of Existing Equations for Local Scour at Bridge Piers , 2014 .

[43]  Jean-Louis Briaud,et al.  Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions , 2001 .

[44]  Kevin R. Hall,et al.  Cohesive Material Erosion by Unidirectional Current , 1983 .

[45]  W. Hager,et al.  Temporal Evolution of Clear-Water Pier and Abutment Scour , 2002 .

[46]  Panayiotis Diplas,et al.  Bedload transport in gravel-bed streams with unimodal sediment , 2003 .

[47]  Koustuv Debnath,et al.  Laboratory experiments on local scour around cylinder for clay and clay–sand mixed beds , 2010 .

[48]  Arved J. Raudkivi,et al.  Functional Trends of Scour at Bridge Piers , 1986 .

[49]  Jean-Louis Briaud,et al.  Flume tests for scour in clay at circular piers , 2001 .

[50]  Seung Jae Oh.  Experimental Study of Bridge Scour in Cohesive Soil , 2011 .

[51]  Hiroshi Nago,et al.  DESIGN METHOD OF TIME-DEPENDENT LOCAL SCOUR AT CIRCULAR BRIDGE PIER , 2003 .

[52]  K. G. Ranga Raju,et al.  Live-bed scour around cylindrical bridge piers , 1992 .

[53]  W. Graf,et al.  Experiments on flow around a cylinder; the velocity and vorticity fields , 1998 .