Diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting and monitoring cancer: a review of current applications in body imaging.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which involves the acquisition of a magnetic resonance signal related to the Brownian motion of water protons in tissue, has become a useful technique for assessing tumors. In this article, we review the basic concepts, imaging strategies, and body applications of diffusion-weighted MRI in detecting and monitoring cancer.

[1]  R. Braren,et al.  Validation of preclinical multiparametric imaging for prediction of necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after embolization. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[2]  M. Tunaci,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging of solid or predominantly solid gynaecological adnexial masses: is it useful in the differential diagnosis? , 2011, The British journal of radiology.

[3]  D. Sodickson,et al.  Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of tumor microenvironment in locally advanced breast cancer , 2011, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  A. Spiotta,et al.  An Analysis of Inflation Times During Balloon-Assisted Aneurysm Coil Embolization and Ischemic Complications , 2011, Stroke.

[5]  T. Ichikawa,et al.  Diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination: comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT, diffusion-weighted MRI, and contrast-enhanced MDCT. , 2011, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[6]  A. Luna,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging of the chest. , 2011, Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America.

[7]  Sung Hun Kim,et al.  Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient value and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging findings with prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[8]  Ahmet Baki Yağci,et al.  The value of diffusion-weighted MRI for prostate cancer detection and localization. , 2010, Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

[9]  Yun-bin Chen,et al.  Staging of uterine cervical carcinoma: whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging , 2011, Abdominal Imaging.

[10]  Olaf Dietrich,et al.  Technical aspects of MR diffusion imaging of the body. , 2010, European journal of radiology.

[11]  Bram Stieltjes,et al.  An in vivo verification of the intravoxel incoherent motion effect in diffusion‐weighted imaging of the abdomen , 2010, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  L. Bonomo,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging in breast cancer: relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient and tumour aggressiveness. , 2010, Clinical radiology.

[13]  E. Sala,et al.  The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the female pelvis. , 2010, European journal of radiology.

[14]  N. Ahmad,et al.  Diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI) and ADC values in endometrial carcinoma. , 2010, Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP.

[15]  Woo Kyung Moon,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: pretreatment prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. , 2010, Radiology.

[16]  Ernst J Rummeny,et al.  Characterization of small (≤10 mm) focal liver lesions: value of respiratory-triggered echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging. , 2010, European journal of radiology.

[17]  D. Collins,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging of peritoneal disease for noninvasive staging of advanced ovarian cancer. , 2010, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[18]  W. Mali,et al.  The influence of the b‐value combination on apparent diffusion coefficient based differentiation between malignant and benign tissue in cervical cancer , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[19]  Thomas C. Kwee,et al.  Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging for staging malignant lymphoma in children , 2010, Pediatric Radiology.

[20]  Xing-yu Cui,et al.  Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. , 2010, World journal of gastroenterology.

[21]  Kenji Matsuzaki,et al.  Manifestations of the female reproductive organs on MR images: changes induced by various physiologic states. , 2010, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[22]  Jian-jun Wu,et al.  Value of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images for discrimination of focal benign and malignant hepatic lesions: A meta‐analysis , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[23]  M. Kataoka,et al.  Changes in apparent diffusion coefficients in the normal uterus during different phases of the menstrual cycle. , 2010, The British journal of radiology.

[24]  Biling Liang,et al.  The utility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in cervical cancer. , 2010, European journal of radiology.

[25]  Yajun Li,et al.  The Value of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Differentiating Stage IA Endometrial Carcinoma From Normal Endometrium and Benign Diseases of the Endometrium: Initial Study at 3-T Magnetic Resonance Scanner , 2010, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[26]  M. Oudkerk,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted imaging of normal fibroglandular breast tissue: influence of microperfusion and fat suppression technique on the apparent diffusion coefficient , 2010, NMR in biomedicine.

[27]  C. V. van Kuijk,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of (deep infiltrating) endometriosis: The value of diffusion‐weighted imaging , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[28]  A. Prando Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI in characterization of adrenal lesions , 2010 .

[29]  M Amanuma,et al.  The role of the ADC value in the characterisation of renal carcinoma by diffusion-weighted MRI. , 2010, The British journal of radiology.

[30]  K. Matsuzaki,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ovarian Tumors: Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Solid Components of Ovarian Masses , 2010, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[31]  C. Roy,et al.  Value of diffusion-weighted imaging to detect small malignant pelvic lymph nodes at 3 T , 2010, European Radiology.

[32]  N. deSouza,et al.  Evaluation of magnetic resonance diffusion and spectroscopy measurements as predictive biomarkers in stage 1 cervical cancer. , 2010, Gynecologic oncology.

[33]  S. Gautam,et al.  Identification of residual breast carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: diffusion-weighted imaging--comparison with contrast-enhanced MR imaging and pathologic findings. , 2010, Radiology.

[34]  Oliver Geier,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for pretreatment prediction and monitoring of treatment response of patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy , 2010, Acta oncologica.

[35]  H. Shirato,et al.  Metastases in Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Quantitative Assessment With Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient , 2010, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[36]  David A. Bluemke,et al.  Diffusion-weighted Imaging Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional 3.0-T , 2010 .

[37]  V. Mijatovic,et al.  MR imaging in the evaluation of (deep infiltrating) endometriosis: the value of diffusion-weighted imaging , 2010 .

[38]  S. Akgöz,et al.  The role of diffusion-weighted MRI in the classification of liver hydatid cysts and differentiation of simple cysts and abscesses from hydatid cysts. , 2010, Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

[39]  Jiang Liao,et al.  Discrimination of metastatic from hyperplastic pelvic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging , 2011, Abdominal Imaging.

[40]  Y. Liu,et al.  Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions , 2010, European Radiology.

[41]  S. Galimberti,et al.  Myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer: diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted MR imaging at 1.5-T , 2010, European Radiology.

[42]  A. Prando Prostate tumor volume measurement with combined T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted MR: correlation with pathologic tumor volume , 2009 .

[43]  A. Thompson,et al.  MRI in the detection of prostate cancer: combined apparent diffusion coefficient, metabolite ratio, and vascular parameters. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[44]  T. Baysal,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation of postobstructive consolidation from central lung carcinoma. , 2009, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[45]  N. Karabulut Accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiation of pulmonary lesions. , 2009, Radiology.

[46]  Y. Liu,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Uterine Cervical Cancer , 2009, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[47]  Yanlei Li,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting and monitoring the response of uterine cervical cancer to combined chemoradiation. , 2009, Clinical radiology.

[48]  T. Helbich,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR for differentiation of breast lesions at 3.0 T: how does selection of diffusion protocols affect diagnosis? , 2009, Radiology.

[49]  Chunwu Zhou,et al.  [Value of high-field MR diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma]. , 2009, Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology].

[50]  K. Matsuzaki,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of endometrial cancer: differentiation from benign endometrial lesions and preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion , 2009, Acta radiologica.

[51]  Fernanda Philadelpho Arantes Pereira,et al.  Assessment of breast lesions with diffusion-weighted MRI: comparing the use of different b values. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[52]  S. Feuerlein,et al.  Pitfalls in abdominal diffusion-weighted imaging: how predictive is restricted water diffusion for malignancy. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[53]  P. Koşucu,et al.  Mediastinal lymph nodes: Assessment with diffusion‐weighted MR imaging , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[54]  Kazuhiro Katahira,et al.  Is diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging superior to positron emission tomography with fludeoxyglucose F 18 in imaging non-small cell lung cancer? , 2009, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[55]  Jason A Koutcher,et al.  Prostate tumor volume measurement with combined T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted MR: correlation with pathologic tumor volume. , 2009, Radiology.

[56]  M. Uder,et al.  Diffusion weighted imaging of pediatric and adolescent malignancies with regard to detection and delineation: initial experience. , 2009, Academic radiology.

[57]  K. Chida,et al.  Higher sensitivity and specificity for diffusion-weighted imaging of malignant lung lesions without apparent diffusion coefficient quantification. , 2009, Radiology.

[58]  O. Kilickesmez,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MRI of urinary bladder and prostate cancers. , 2009, Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

[59]  S. Dymarkowski,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MRI provides additional value to conventional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2009, European Radiology.

[60]  M. Kanematsu,et al.  Preoperative T staging of urinary bladder cancer: does diffusion-weighted MRI have supplementary value? , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[61]  Tarek El-Diasty,et al.  Bladder cancer: diagnosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging in patients with gross hematuria. , 2009, Radiology.

[62]  Gordon Rustin,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of female pelvic tumors: a pictorial review. , 2009, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[63]  H. Oizumi,et al.  Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for predicting of tumor invasiveness for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. , 2009, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[64]  I. Narabayashi,et al.  Body diffusion-weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer: is it helpful in the detection of cancer in nonenhanced MR imaging? , 2009, European journal of radiology.

[65]  O. Kilickesmez,et al.  Quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of normal and diseased uterine zones , 2009, Acta radiologica.

[66]  P. Choyke,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations. , 2009, Neoplasia.

[67]  W. Perman,et al.  Pancreatic diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI): Comparison between mass‐forming focal pancreatitis (FP), pancreatic cancer (PC), and normal pancreas , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[68]  Namkug Kim,et al.  Relative apparent diffusion coefficient: Determination of reference site and validation of benefit for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in uterine cervical cancer , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[69]  U. Sharma,et al.  Longitudinal study of the assessment by MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging of tumor response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy , 2009, NMR in biomedicine.

[70]  A. Levy,et al.  Focal Liver Lesion Detection and Characterization with Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging: Comparison with Standard Breath-hold T2-weighted Imaging , 2009 .

[71]  Adilson Prando,et al.  Urinary bladder cancer: diffusion-weighted MR imaging--accuracy for diagnosing T stage and estimating histologic grade , 2009 .

[72]  Kyung Ah Kim,et al.  Prostate cancer: apparent diffusion coefficient map with T2-weighted images for detection--a multireader study. , 2009, Radiology.

[73]  W. Nishio,et al.  Comparison of STIR turbo SE imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging of the lung: capability for detection and subtype classification of pulmonary adenocarcinomas , 2009, European Radiology.

[74]  J. Li,et al.  Using diffusion-weighted MR imaging for tumor detection in the collapsed lung: a preliminary study , 2009, European Radiology.

[75]  A. Luciani,et al.  Liver Cirrhosis : Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MR Imaging — Pilot Study 1 , 2008 .

[76]  F. Gilbert,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the early detection of response to chemoradiation in cervical cancer. , 2008, Gynecologic oncology.

[77]  S. Fujii,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion‐weighted imaging in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian lesions , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[78]  Thomas Hambrock,et al.  Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging of the prostate. , 2008, Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America.

[79]  A. Demirci,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas. , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[80]  Katsuyoshi Ito,et al.  Apparent diffusion coefficient values in peripheral and transition zones of the prostate: Comparison between normal and malignant prostatic tissues and correlation with histologic grade , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[81]  Joan C Vilanova,et al.  Diffusion-weighted whole-body MR screening. , 2008, European journal of radiology.

[82]  I. Narabayashi,et al.  Detection and Evaluation of Pelvic Lymph Nodes in Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies Using Body Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 2008, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[83]  Namkug Kim,et al.  Feasibility of diffusion‐weighted imaging in the differentiation of metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes: Early experience , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[84]  M. Kanematsu,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the liver: Optimizing b value for the detection and characterization of benign and malignant hepatic lesions , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[85]  Masao Fukunaga,et al.  Prostate cancer: relationships between postbiopsy hemorrhage and tumor detectability at MR diagnosis. , 2008, Radiology.

[86]  Y. Kitazume,et al.  Can malignant and benign pulmonary nodules be differentiated with diffusion-weighted MRI? , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[87]  T. Yen,et al.  Detection of lymph node metastasis in cervical and uterine cancers by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3T , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[88]  N M deSouza,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: a potential non-invasive marker of tumour aggressiveness in localized prostate cancer. , 2008, Clinical radiology.

[89]  D. Dearnaley,et al.  Correlation of diffusion-weighted MRI with whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens. , 2008, The British journal of radiology.

[90]  Hedvig Hricak,et al.  Renal masses: characterization with diffusion-weighted MR imaging--a preliminary experience. , 2008, Radiology.

[91]  Peter R. Luijten,et al.  Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): features and potential applications in oncology , 2008, European Radiology.

[92]  T. El-Diasty,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Superficial and Invasive Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: A Preliminary Prospective Study , 2008, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[93]  E. Squillaci,et al.  Malignant renal neoplasms: correlation between ADC values and cellularity in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T , 2008, La radiologia medica.

[94]  S. Shiraishi,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosing Malignant Pulmonary Nodules/Masses: Comparison with Positron Emission Tomography , 2008, Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

[95]  S. Shiraishi,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be used in place of positron emission tomography for N staging of non-small cell lung cancer with fewer false-positive results. , 2008, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[96]  T. Sone,et al.  Age‐related and zonal anatomical changes of apparent diffusion coefficient values in normal human prostatic tissues , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[97]  Jason A Koutcher,et al.  Prostate cancer: identification with combined diffusion-weighted MR imaging and 3D 1H MR spectroscopic imaging--correlation with pathologic findings. , 2008, Radiology.

[98]  M. Yen,et al.  Diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging with parallel technique in assessment of endometrial cancer. , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[99]  村岡 紀昭 Apparent diffusion coefficient in pancreatic cancer : characterization and histopathological correlations , 2008 .

[100]  K. Sugimura,et al.  High b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in normal and malignant peripheral zone tissue of the prostate: effect of signal-to-noise ratio. , 2008, Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

[101]  S. Fujii,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating benign from malignant uterine endometrial cavity lesions: initial results , 2008, European Radiology.

[102]  Masoom A. Haider,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MRI in cervical cancer , 2008, European Radiology.

[103]  Dow-Mu Koh,et al.  Practical aspects of assessing tumors using clinical diffusion-weighted imaging in the body. , 2007, Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

[104]  Neil J Sebire,et al.  Tumors in pediatric patients at diffusion-weighted MR imaging: apparent diffusion coefficient and tumor cellularity. , 2007, Radiology.

[105]  Byung Kwan Park,et al.  Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for the Prediction of Prostate Cancer Location at 3T Using a Phased-Array Coil: Preliminary Results , 2007, Investigative radiology.

[106]  K. Togashi,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer , 2007, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[107]  Masoom A Haider,et al.  Combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for localization of prostate cancer. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[108]  Maximilian F. Reiser,et al.  Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Oncology , 2007, Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI.

[109]  O. Sagol,et al.  Contribution of diffusion-weighted MRI to the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. , 2007, Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

[110]  D. Collins,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MRI in the body: applications and challenges in oncology. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[111]  Bi-ling Liang,et al.  [Diffusion weighted imaging features of normal uterine cervix and cervical carcinoma]. , 2007, Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer.

[112]  M. Matoba,et al.  Lung carcinoma: diffusion-weighted mr imaging--preliminary evaluation with apparent diffusion coefficient. , 2007, Radiology.

[113]  Zhenghan Yang,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of focal hepatic nodules in an experimental hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. , 2007, Academic radiology.

[114]  Takeo Ishigaki,et al.  Prostate cancer detection with 3-T MRI: comparison of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted imaging. , 2007, European journal of radiology.

[115]  Stefan A Reinsberg,et al.  Combined use of diffusion-weighted MRI and 1H MR spectroscopy to increase accuracy in prostate cancer detection. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[116]  Frederik De Keyzer,et al.  Extracranial applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging , 2007, European Radiology.

[117]  Takeshi Yoshikawa,et al.  ADC measurement of abdominal organs and lesions using parallel imaging technique. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[118]  T. Tali,et al.  Single breath-hold diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver with parallel imaging: initial experience. , 2006, Clinical radiology.

[119]  Mathias Langer,et al.  Evaluation of tumour necrosis during chemotherapy with diffusion-weighted MR imaging: preliminary results in osteosarcomas , 2006, Pediatric Radiology.

[120]  N. deSouza,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its application to cancer , 2006, Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society.

[121]  Silvia D. Chang,et al.  Combined diffusion‐weighted and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis—Correlation with biopsy and histopathology , 2006, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[122]  Daniel P Barboriak,et al.  Diffusion-weighted and perfusion MR imaging for brain tumor characterization and assessment of treatment response. , 2006, Radiology.

[123]  S. Nawano,et al.  Hepatic metastases: diffusion-weighted sensitivity-encoding versus SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. , 2006, Radiology.

[124]  L. Turnbull,et al.  Diffusion Imaging of the Prostate at 3.0 Tesla , 2006, Investigative radiology.

[125]  Sukru Mehmet Erturk,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Exocrine Function Before and After Secretin Stimulation , 2006, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[126]  Fuminari Tatsugami,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for urinary bladder carcinoma: initial results , 2006, European Radiology.

[127]  H. Honda,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar MR imaging and ADC mapping in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cystic masses: Usefulness of detecting keratinoid substances in mature cystic teratomas , 2005, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[128]  C. Boesch,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the parotid gland: Influence of the choice of b‐values on the apparent diffusion coefficient value , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[129]  R. Gillies,et al.  Changes in water mobility measured by diffusion MRI predict response of metastatic breast cancer to chemotherapy. , 2004, Neoplasia.

[130]  T. Takahara,et al.  Diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): technical improvement using free breathing, STIR and high resolution 3D display. , 2004, Radiation medicine.

[131]  Benjamin M Yeh,et al.  Parallel imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver: preliminary experience in healthy volunteers. , 2004, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[132]  Takeo Ishigaki,et al.  Apparent diffusion coefficient in cervical cancer of the uterus: comparison with the normal uterine cervix , 2004, European Radiology.

[133]  Jean-Luc Daire,et al.  Evaluation of liver diffusion isotropy and characterization of focal hepatic lesions with two single-shot echo-planar MR imaging sequences: prospective study in 66 patients. , 2003, Radiology.

[134]  Diego R. Martín,et al.  MR imaging of the chest using a contrast-enhanced breath-hold modified three-dimensional gradient-echo technique: comparison with two-dimensional gradient-echo technique and multidetector CT. , 2002, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[135]  Usha Sinha,et al.  In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRI of the breast: Potential for lesion characterization , 2002, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[136]  M. Büchert,et al.  MRI-diffusion imaging of neuroblastomas: first results and correlation to histology , 2002, European Radiology.

[137]  H. Sakahara,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted Echo Planar Imaging of Ovarian Tumors: Is It Useful to Measure Apparent Diffusion Coefficients? , 2002, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[138]  H. Honda,et al.  Measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in intraductal mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas by diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging , 2001, Abdominal Imaging.

[139]  G C McKinnon,et al.  Menstrual cycle variation of apparent diffusion coefficients measured in the normal breast using MRI , 2001, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[140]  福田 泰 Anisotropic diffusion in kidney : Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements for clinical use , 2001 .

[141]  S. Luk,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the liver: distinguishing hepatic abscess from cystic or necrotic tumor , 2001, Abdominal Imaging.

[142]  V. Nicolet,et al.  MR imaging of cervical carcinoma: a practical staging approach. , 2000, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[143]  Rachel Brem,et al.  Diffusion imaging of human breast , 1997, NMR in biomedicine.

[144]  W. T. Dixon,et al.  Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging: a modest proposal with tremendous potential. , 1988, Radiology.

[145]  J. E. Tanner,et al.  Spin diffusion measurements : spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient , 1965 .