Kalman Filtering Based Motion Estimation for Video Coding Assist

Video compression is a very efficient method for storage and transmission of digital video signal. The applications include multimedia transmission, teleconferencing, videophone, high-definition television (HDTV), CD-ROM storages, etc. The hybrid coding techniques based on predictive and transform coding are the most popular and adopted by many video coding standards such as MPEG-1/2/4 [1] and H.261/H.263/H.264 [2, 3], owing to its high compression efficiency. In the hybrid coding system, the motion compensation, first proposed by Netravali and Robbins in 1997, plays a key role from the view point of coding efficiency and implementation cost [4-11]. A generic hybrid video coder is depicted in Figure 1. Fig. 1. A generic hybrid motion compensated DCT video coder. DCT Quan-tization De-Quan-tization IDCT Motion Compensation Motion Estimation Frame Buffer Variable Length Coder

[1]  Rabab Kreidieh Ward,et al.  Predictive RD Optimized Motion Estimation for Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding , 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[2]  Philip M. Long,et al.  Efficient cost measures for motion estimation at low bit rates , 1998, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[3]  Bing Zeng,et al.  Optimization of fast block motion estimation algorithms , 1997, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[4]  Jhing-Fa Wang,et al.  Dynamic search-window adjustment and interlaced search for block-matching algorithm , 1993, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[5]  Alan N. Willson,et al.  Rate-distortion optimal motion estimation algorithms for motion-compensated transform video coding , 1998, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[6]  K. R. Rao,et al.  Motion Compensated Interframe Image Prediction , 1985, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[7]  Chaur-Heh Hsieh,et al.  An Efficient Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Coding Using Kalman Filter , 2002, Real Time Imaging.

[8]  Haibo Li,et al.  Image sequence coding at very low bit rates: a review , 1994, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[9]  M. GHANBARI,et al.  The cross-search algorithm for motion estimation [image coding] , 1990, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[10]  JOHN w. WOODS,et al.  Kalman filtering in two dimensions , 1977, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[11]  Lai-Man Po,et al.  A novel four-step search algorithm for fast block motion estimation , 1996, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[12]  R. Mehra.  On the identification of variances and adaptive Kalman filtering , 1970 .

[13]  Alan N. Willson,et al.  Rate-distortion optimal motion estimation algorithm for video coding , 1996, 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings.

[14]  Y.-Q. Zhang,et al.  Predictive block-matching motion estimation for TV coding. II. Inter-frame prediction , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[15]  Thomas Wedi,et al.  Motion- and aliasing-compensated prediction for hybrid video coding , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[16]  Sanjit K. Mitra,et al.  Rate-distortion optimized mode selection for very low bit rate video coding and the emerging H.263 standard , 1996, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[17]  Guanrong Chen,et al.  Kalman Filtering with Real-time Applications , 1987 .

[18]  M. Bierling,et al.  Displacement Estimation By Hierarchical Blockmatching , 1988, Other Conferences.

[19]  Guo Feng.  A New Motion Estimation and Intra-frame Prediction Method for H.264 Video Coding , 2008 .

[20]  Arun N. Netravali,et al.  Digital Pictures: Representation and Compression , 1988 .

[21]  John W. Woods,et al.  3-D Kalman filter for image motion estimation , 1998, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[22]  H. Kaufman,et al.  Image restoration using a reduced order model Kalman filter , 1988, ICASSP-88., International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[23]  Sun-Yuan Kung,et al.  A fast rate-optimized motion estimation algorithm for low-bit-rate video coding , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[24]  Russell M. Mersereau,et al.  Motion estimation methods for overlapped block motion compensation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[25]  Ajay Luthra,et al.  Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[26]  Chaur-Heh Hsieh,et al.  A New Motion Estimation Algorithm for Video Coding Using Adaptive Kalman Filter , 2002, Real Time Imaging.

[27]  Mohammed Ghanbari,et al.  The Cross-Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation , 1990 .

[28]  M. Bellanger.  Adaptive filter theory: by Simon Haykin, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4LB, Canada, in: Prentice-Hall Information and System Sciences Series, published by Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, U.S.A., 1986, xvii+590 pp., ISBN 0-13-004052-5 025 , 1987 .

[29]  C. Hsieh,et al.  Motion estimation algorithm using interblock correlation , 1990 .

[30]  Michael T. Orchard,et al.  Overlapped block motion compensation , 1992, Other Conferences.

[31]  Jerry M. Mendel,et al.  Lessons in digital estimation theory , 1986 .

[32]  Bing Zeng,et al.  A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation , 1994, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[33]  Kai-Kuang Ma,et al.  A new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[34]  Bernd Girod,et al.  Rate-constrained motion estimation , 1994, Other Conferences.

[35]  S. Haykin,et al.  Adaptive Filter Theory , 1986 .

[36]  Chung Ming Kuo,et al.  Kalman filtering based rate-constrained motion estimation for very low bit rate video coding , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[37]  Russell M. Mersereau,et al.  A fast exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation , 1998, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[38]  Itu-T.  Video coding for low bitrate communication , 1996 .

[39]  Lap-Pui Chau,et al.  An enhanced hexagonal search algorithm for block motion estimation , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03..

[40]  Thomas Wedi.  Adaptive interpolation filter for motion compensated prediction , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[41]  Yan Yang,et al.  Generalized rate-distortion optimization for motion-compensated video coders , 2000, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[42]  Mohinder S. Grewal,et al.  Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice , 1993 .

[43]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Displacement Measurement and Its Application in Interframe Image Coding , 1981, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[44]  Chaur-Heh Hsieh,et al.  Motion estimation algorithm with Kalman filter , 1994 .