Simplified models of the vibration of mannequins in car seats

Abstract A simplified two-dimensional modelling approach to predict the vibration response of mannequin occupied car seats about a static settling point is demonstrated to be feasible. The goal of the research is to develop tools for car seat designers. The two-dimensional model, consisting of interconnected masses, springs and dampers is non-linear due to geometric effects but, under the excitations considered, the model behaviour is linear. In this approach to modelling, the full system is initially broken down into subsystems, and experiments are conducted with subsystems to determine approximate values for the stiffness and damping parameters. This approach is necessary because of the highly non-linear behaviour of foam where stiffness changes with compression level, and because the simplified model contains more structure than is necessary to model the relatively simple measured frequency response behaviour, thus requiring a good initial starting point from which to vary parameters. A detailed study of the effects of changing model parameters on the natural frequencies, the mode shapes and resonance locations in frequency response functions is given, highlighting the influence of particular model parameters on features in the seat–mannequin system's vibration response. Reasonable qualitative as well as good quantitative agreement between experimental and simulation frequency response estimates is obtained. In particular, the two-dimensional motions at the peaks in the frequency response, a combination of up and down and rotational behaviour is predicted well by the model. Currently research is underway to develop a similar model with non-linear springs, surface friction effects and viscoelastic elements, that predicts the static settling point, a necessary step to aid in the subsystem modelling stage in this dynamic modelling approach.