Pulling the Levers: Transformational Leadership, Public Service Motivation, and Mission Valence

This article contributes to our understanding of public service motivation and leadership by investigating ways in which organizational leaders can reinforce and even augment the potential effects of public service motivation on employees’ attraction to the organization’s mission (mission valence). The results contribute to two research questions. First, the findings provide new evidence on the sources of public service motivation. The authors find that transformational leadership is an organizational factor associated with higher public service motivation. Second, the article examines the relationship between transformational leadership and mission valence. The authors find that transformational leadership has an important indirect effect on mission valence through its influence on clarifying organizational goals and fostering public service motivation.

[1]  J. Mowen,et al.  Joint effects of assigned goal level and incentive structure on task performance: A laboratory study. , 1981 .

[2]  H. Klein Further evidence on the relationship between goal setting and expectancy theories. , 1991 .

[3]  Leonard Bright Does Public Service Motivation Really Make a Difference on the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Public Employees? , 2008 .

[4]  L. Paarlberg,et al.  Transformational Leadership and Public Service Motivation: Driving Individual and Organizational Performance , 2010 .

[5]  D. Moynihan,et al.  Finding Workable Levers Over Work Motivation , 2007 .

[6]  Leonard Bright,et al.  Does Person-Organization Fit Mediate the Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and the Job Performance of Public Employees? , 2007 .

[7]  J. Perry,et al.  Back to the Future? Performance‐Related Pay, Empirical Research, and the Perils of Persistence , 2009 .

[8]  R. Christensen,et al.  The Effects of Public Service Motivation on Job Choice Decisions: Disentangling the Contributions of Person-Organization Fit and Person-Job Fit , 2011 .

[9]  Denise M. Rousseau,et al.  The construction of climate in organizational research. , 1988 .

[10]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  La Follette School of Public Affairs , 2005 .

[11]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Public Service Motivation and the Assumption of Person—Organization Fit , 2008 .

[12]  J. Ford,et al.  Climate perceptions matter: a meta-analytic path analysis relating molar climate, cognitive and affective states, and individual level work outcomes. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[13]  T. Trottier,et al.  Examining the Nature and Significance of Leadership in Government Organizations , 2008 .

[14]  V. Vroom Work and motivation , 1964 .

[15]  Mirko Noordegraaf,et al.  Management by Measurement? Public Management Practices Amidst Ambiguity , 2003 .

[16]  Edwin A. Locke,et al.  An empirical analysis of a goal setting questionnaire , 1991 .

[17]  James L. Perry,et al.  Antecedents of Public Service Motivation , 1997 .

[18]  Jeannette Taylor,et al.  Organizational Influences, Public Service Motivation and Work Outcomes: An Australian Study , 2008 .

[19]  S. Piderit,et al.  The Value of Mission Statements in Public Agencies , 1999 .

[20]  Jane M. Howell,et al.  Organizational and contextual influences on the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leadership , 1999 .

[21]  Donald P. Moynihan,et al.  The Dynamics of Performance Management: Constructing Information and Reform , 2008 .

[22]  Sanjay K. Pandey,et al.  The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation , 2007 .

[23]  William D. Spangler,et al.  CEO transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: The mediating role of human–capital-enhancing human resource management , 2005 .

[24]  Timothy T. Baldwin,et al.  Setting the stage for effective leadership: Antecedents of transformational leadership behavior , 2004 .

[25]  C. Schriesheim Causal Analysis: Assumptions, Models, and Data , 1982 .

[26]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Public Organizations and Mission Valence , 2011 .

[27]  James L. Perry,et al.  The Motivational Bases of Public Service , 1990 .

[28]  W. Vandenabeele,et al.  GOVERNMENT CALLING: PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION AS AN ELEMENT IN SELECTING GOVERNMENT AS AN EMPLOYER OF CHOICE , 2008 .

[29]  Sanjay K. Pandey,et al.  Red Tape and Public Service Motivation , 2005 .

[30]  C. McClintock,et al.  Weeding an Old Garden , 1987 .

[31]  Mary K. Feeney Sector Perceptions among State-Level Public Managers , 2007 .

[32]  Sangmook Kim,et al.  Testing the Structure of Public Service Motivation in Korea: A Research Note , 2009 .

[33]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Public Service and Motivation: Does Mission Matter? , 2007 .

[34]  H. Rainey,et al.  Galloping Elephants: Developing Elements of a Theory of Effective Government Organizations , 1999 .

[35]  H. Moon,et al.  The two faces of conscientiousness: duty and achievement striving in escalation of commitment dilemmas. , 2001, The Journal of applied psychology.

[36]  H. Rainey,et al.  Reward Preferences among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic , 1982 .

[37]  Gene A. Brewer,et al.  Why Elephants Gallop: Assessing and Predicting Organizational Performance in Federal Agencies , 2000 .

[38]  Murray R. Barrick,et al.  Ceo Transformational Leadership: The Role of Goal Importance Congruence in Top Management Teams , 2008 .

[39]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Connecting the Dots in Public Management: Political Environment, Organizational Goal Ambiguity, and the Public Manager's Role Ambiguity , 2006 .

[40]  Sangmook Kim,et al.  Individual-Level Factors and Organizational Performance in Government Organizations , 2004 .

[41]  M. Taccetta-Chapnick Transformational leadership. , 1996, Nursing administration quarterly.

[42]  L. James,et al.  Integrating Work Environment Perceptions: Explorations into the Measurement of Meaning , 1989 .

[43]  Lyman W. Porter,et al.  Factors Affecting the Context for Motivation in Public Organizations1 , 1982 .

[44]  James L. Perry,et al.  Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity , 1996 .

[45]  Annie Hondeghem,et al.  Revisiting the Motivational Bases of Public Service: Twenty Years of Research and an Agenda for the Future , 2010 .

[46]  Emanuel Camilleri,et al.  Towards Developing an Organisational Commitment - Public Service Motivation Model for the Maltese Public Service Employees , 2006 .

[47]  Celeste P.M. Wilderom,et al.  Leader motives, charismatic leadership and subordinates' work attitude in the profit and voluntary sector , 2005 .

[48]  F. J. Roethlisberger,et al.  Management and Morale. , 1942 .

[49]  Montgomery Van Wart,et al.  Public-Sector Leadership Theory: An Assessment , 2003 .

[50]  B. Bass,et al.  Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership , 1999 .

[51]  P. Wright Test of the mediating role of goals in the incentive-performance relationship. , 1989 .

[52]  William M. Bowen,et al.  Impossible jobs in public management , 1992 .

[53]  Sung Min Park,et al.  Leadership and Public Service Motivation in U.S. Federal Agencies , 2008 .

[54]  G. Yukl An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. , 1999 .

[55]  Paul E. Spector Job satisfaction: application, assessment, cause, and consequences , 1997 .

[56]  Sanjay K. Pandey,et al.  Public Managers' Perceptions of Organizational Goal Ambiguity: Analyzing Alternative Models , 2006 .

[57]  Janet C. Vinzant Where Values Collide , 1998 .

[58]  T. Wall,et al.  On the validity of subjective measures of company performance , 2004 .

[59]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Measuring Public Service Motivation: Exploring the Equivalence of Existing Global Measures , 2013 .

[60]  J. Jaccard,et al.  LISREL Approaches to Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression , 1998 .

[61]  Bradley E. Wright,et al.  Setting the Table: How Transformational Leadership Fosters Performance Information Use , 2012 .

[62]  Kevin B. Lowe,et al.  Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the mlq literature , 1996 .

[63]  H. Rainey,et al.  Public Agencies and Private Firms , 1983 .

[64]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[65]  James L. Perry,et al.  Values Management , 2007 .

[66]  Bram Steijn,et al.  Person-Environment Fit and Public Service Motivation , 2008 .

[67]  H. Rainey,et al.  Goal Ambiguity in U.S. Federal Agencies , 2005 .

[68]  Lyman W. Porter,et al.  Managerial attitudes and performance , 1968 .

[69]  Adrian Ritz,et al.  Public service motivation and organizational performance in Swiss federal government , 2009 .

[70]  Sanjay K. Pandey,et al.  How Do Perceived Political Environment and Administrative Reform Affect Employee Commitment , 2008 .

[71]  Lawrence R. James,et al.  Organizational climate: A review of theory and research. , 1974 .

[72]  B. Wright,et al.  Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter? , 2010 .

[73]  Gregory B. Lewis,et al.  Public Service Motivation and Job Performance , 2001 .

[74]  W. Vandenabeele,et al.  The mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on self-reported performance: more robust evidence of the PSM—performance relationship , 2009 .

[75]  Christopher P. Parker,et al.  Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: a meta-analytic review , 2003 .

[76]  Bruce Buchanan,et al.  Government Managers, Business Executives, and Organizational Commitment , 1974 .